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•HISTORICAL ART COMPANY, 

Boston, Mass. 



"i » V. i; 







UNION REFERENCES. 

FlT2HC0H's Battery, K. let Nevr YorL 
8d Corps Upftd-qa&ners Colors. 
Major-General Birnet. commandinii 3d Corps. 
" ■ " ' "* , Ut DW.. ad Corps. 



Brig-Genei 

Head-quarters' Colors, 2d Di 

Infantry— Sd Me., SOlh iDd., aod 9^tb 

" ' ~ Jd Brig. IslDiT, 3d Corps. (H''thMe.,MthInd.,'Mth,i24tLN.Y.,99i[pi'Vol8!! 



[lEtand2d (7. 8. Sharp-shootera.) 



1st Brig.. 2d Div.. 2dCorps. 

"■ ■ ■ Corpv (H3d, 149lh. and 150th Pa. Vols.) 

JBLEDAT, commanding Ist Corps, and 8d DiT., 1st Corps. 
;. m Brtg.,_Sd Dir. IBI Corps, (121st, 142d, Ijlst Pa Vola, and 20th N. Y. 8. M.) 



T Col. Bii 

8 Brig.-Oeneral H 

B Co! Dkxa. 2d Brig., 3d Di 

10 Major-Geuerals Newton and Dou 

1 X Brlg..Gen. Eowlst, Isl Brig.. Sd 1 

IS Brig.-Oen- Ecsns, 2d Brig, 8d Div,, 6th Corps,' (M K. I., 7th, 10th, and 3Jtb Masa Vols.) 

, . 1 Col. MaDiLi. Ist Brig., Ist Dl»., 3d Corns. i57lh, 63d. 69l)i, 105th, and 14Ut Pa. Vola) fPa Vols ) 

1 Col. DiTEOBBiAKD.ad Brig, l5tDI»., 3d Corps. (3d, 5th Mich., 17th Me, 40th N. T., and 110th 

14 Brig Gen. 8iixlJ:h 1st Brig., 8d DlT, 6th Co^>^ (65tb, 67tb, 122d N. T., 23d and 82d Pa. Vols ) 

15 Bng.-Gen. RcssEi.i,3d Brig., Ist Div, <tli Corps, (Mb nis, 6th Me.,4>tb and llStli Pa. Vols) 
^« BiasEsBattery, C. ljtN.\. .--.v -. . 

1 T M&XTIN'S Battery, C, Mass. 

18 Brig.-Oen. Howe. 2J Blv, 6tb Corpa. 

1 9 Col. BoiLiKO, 3d Brig., 2d Dl»., 34 Corns, (2d N. H., 51b, 6tb, 7tb, Slh N. J., and IlSth Pa. Vols.) 
19-a Faaso.i's (UEXawEE^s) Battery, A, 1st N. J. [Pa. Vols ) 
19-b Brig. Gen. CiEE, Ist Brig., 2d biv., 8d Corps, (1st, lltb, 16th Mass., Utb N. J., 12th N. IT, and 26lh 
30 Malor-Qcneral Huheheeib. 2d DW., 8d Cofpa 

»1 C I. Beewsiee, 2d Brig, 2d DlT,, 3d Corp., (Ist, 2d, Sd, 4lh, 6th Eicelsior, and 120tli N, Y. Vols.) 

is £°'- f^»'™«. ^ Brig. (ZooK-6), 1st DlT., 2d Corps, (5*1, 5Ti6, 66th N. Y., and 14<lth Pa. VuU.) 

23 Brig..C6nerBl Caluwelu Ist DlT., 2d Corps. 

94 Brig O.n. Toanaar, 1st Brij, Ist Dlr, »th Corp^ (let, Sd, «d, and l«b N. J. Vola.) 

25 Brig Gen. Weiobt, Ist Div., «tb Cor]* [AiiES' Bat's.3, also Tuonas's and DansL-s Batteries. 

28 McGiLYEET's Reserve ArUllery (TaotuvoK't, Puaups', UaET's,STEBUl«>'a,CaOPEE'&J)ow'a, and 
SS'i",' ,^"-"'' '"* Brig, Isl Dly., 2d Orps, (28th Mass., «»d, 69tb, 88tb N. T, and 116tb P« Vola.) 
Sl 9. ,■ M«KEE.vE,lst Brig. (Ceoss'X 1st Div, 2d Corps, (5th N. H. 61st N. Y,8Istand 148th Pa. Vols.) 
22 tf 1- Beooke, 4tb Brig , 1st Div , 2d Corps, (2d Dei,, 27th Conn., 64tb N. Y,6,3d iUld I45th Po. Vols.) 

29 Hoad-qnarters otMalor-GeneralsSTEES and Seocw.ce, 5th and 6ih Corps. 

«i Tirf. n ' ,0 ''" OEiijr, 2d Brig, 2d Div. 6th Corpv (2d, 8d, 4tb, 5tb, and 6tb Vt. Vola) 

SI Bri8.-Qcneral BiEiiTa, Ist Div., 5th Corps. r-, v -, , -, , / 

. „. LOCAL POINTS. 

l^"?r,?2!r^ ^^'•> I ""l=Bo.ndTop. c VineenfsSpnr. 

O Keynolds Grove (tiHed, July 1st). p Fairfield Koad. 
,'^,?.M^°,^''*'^^ REFERENCES. 

1, "■•"•!. and list Texa^ and aa Ark ReElTi 

lOH n™. . Di - ■„■; ^. 91b. 11th. and 59th Ga- Kte'ts \ 

; SS B.:.«i,.„ , Brit-, (2d, 15lb, lltli, and SOlh Ga Re^iTl 

Brie., (lOtb. BOlb. 51st, and 5Bd Ga. ReE'l8.i 



" BBPCLSE OP L4>NGSTREET<S ASSAULT." 

JULY 3, 1S6S. 

REFERENCES. UNION 

69 Co-van's N. Y. (independent) Battery. 

60 Isl Minn. Vola 

61 15th Mass. Vols. 

62 13th Vt. Vola 

63 161h Vt. 

64 I9Ih Me. 

65 Capt. CowAM (Cowan's New York Battery). 

66 S2d N. Y. Vola 

67 -Wih N. Y. Vola 

68 20th Msss. Vols. 

69 7th Mich. Vols. 

70 Capt. Hazard. Chief M Corps Artillery. 

71 I9lh .Moss. Vols. 

72 & 97 Co. c. lit Minn. Vols. (Dlvli 

73 42d N. Y. Vols. 

74 Captain Fabrku, (Co. C, 1st Mii 

75 Captain" " '"■ 



eMaTtt,utM.eo.KV(oiBMMn Mocis^ 



UNION 

CoL 8w»rrzER. 2(1 Brig., 1st DJv.. Slh C-'rps, (4th Mich,, 62d Pa., 9th and 82d Mfiss. Vols.) 
__ CoL RioE,8d Brie:_(ViHceNT'6).Ut Div., 5th Corps, (16th Mich., «th N. Y.. 83d Pu..20tli Mo. Vols.) 
32 Head-QOftTtflrs of Brig.-General A.trks, 2d Div., Mb Corps. 

32-» ^' Col. DAT, let Brie.. 2d Div., 5th Corps, (8(1, 4th. 6th, 12tli, and 14th U. S. Infantry.) 
S2-b " Col. BiiRBANE, 2d Brig., 2d Div,. 5th Corn6,(2d. 7th. lOtb. Uth, & 17th D. S. Infantry.) 
83 Brlg.-Gen. Bartlett (Col. r "* " ■ "'' - " -^■ 

34 QiBBs' Batt«ry, L, Ist Ohio. 

35 He*(l-quftrt«rs of Brig. -General Wheatok, 8d Div., 6th Oorpi 

36 " CoL Garkard, 3d Brig. (WsED'e), 2d Div., 5th Corps, (9l8t, 155th Pc, 140tb and 

146th N. T. Vols.) 

37 " RnTEweousK'B (Hazlett'b) Battery. D. 5th U. S. 
Col. FiSBRR, 3d Brie-. 8d Div., 5th Co^p^ (5tb, t2tfa Peon. Beserves), and 9tb, lOtb, 



aiid22d Mass. dtUcbed, 
Col, Nbvd*8, 8d Brig., 3d Div., 6tb Corps, (62d N. T., 83d, 98th, 
* (tcwwM/ed). 2d Div., 2d Corps. 



fPn. Vols.) 
•4, and 189tb 



Blii*' Bulld\nB». 



41 Brie.-General 6i 

42 Ist Reg't United States Sharp'8hoot«rs. 

43 Brown's Battery. B, Ut K. 1. 

44 Elder's Battery. 

45 KoSTY'8 Battery, B, 1st N. T. [and 18th Pa. Vol. Cav.) 

46 Head-quarters Gfn. Parkswokth {kUted), let Brig., 3d Div. C»Talry, (Ist Vt, Ist West Va., Cth N.T., 

47 " Brig.-General KiLPATRica,3d Div. Cavalrr. 

48 2d Corps, Head-qoartere' Colors. 

48-aCol. WrLLArD(A-'j7;e<i, July 2d). 3d Brig- S<1 Div,, 2d Corps. 

49 Mar«'--G*'nc-r3l Hancock (W£^«nrf«c/l, 
0O MCtTVL Vola. 



64 151»t Pa. Vols. . - (Battery, K, 1 

55 Bri^-Gen. MtBEm*, Reserve CaVBlry Brigade, (1st, 2rt, 6th U.S., 6th Pa. Vol. Cav., and Grah 

56 Col. Bkooki (iround«(/, Jaly 2d), 4th Brig., Ist Dlv., 2d Corps. 

57 20th New Tork State Mllltla. 

58 BriSs-GeD. Zook (JMUd, July 2d), 8d Brig., Ist Dlv., 2d Corps. 

LOCAL POINTS. 

1 Bound Top. £ Devil's Den. 7 Sickles wounded. Q 

[ Seminuy. R Chambersburg Tplke. B Railroad. T 

CONFEDERATE REFERENCES. 

Brie., (18th. 17th, I8lb, and 21st Miss. KceHs.) 
,No 



76 Liei 



. Vols.), cor 

a (General Hancock's Staff). 

3 {killti). Battery A, 4th U. S. 



Provost Guard). 

dlQg DlviGlOD Provost Ooord {hUtud). 



77 Col. Halu 8d Brig., 24 Div., 2d Corps. 

78 «9th Po. Vols. 

79 Brig.-General HirwT, Chief of Artillery. 

80 Colonel HAtL'-s Brigade, Head -quarters' Colors. 

81 Brig.-General Wkbb, M Brig,, 2(1 Div., 2d Corps. 

82 CuaiiiNo's Battery, A, 4th D. 8. (2d Position). 
8 3 T2d Pa. Vi.Ls. 



84 



s Brigade 1 



86 Major Mitchell (Gen, Hahcook's Stoff). 



139 EsuiEMAN's Artillery— Mil 



>»7 ta.r. (CI. L».u-si Brlfc. (W, s,t>, and 8t\. Fllrti E*;"" "^ ■•°""'" "> " 

^l" "»'»« Of every Brigade, Begiment, 



138 B 

1 40 Dksxini/s Artillery 

141 l,icDL.Oenei^l Lowe 

142 Majar.Qsnera] 
14» •• - 
144 

145 

146 Brig.-General 

147 "■ - ■■ 
148 



ndinc Division). 
BriB., (1st, Sd, 7th, 111b, nod »4th Vo. KeitlinenU-) 
■ ~ . .- . M„CAitT»'s, and Cit 

61st Va. Reg'U.) 



..Col. M 



147 

148 ,, . 

149 & IS4 POAGu 



ArlUlery— Fa, _ 
Brig, (6lh, I2th, 16tli, 41b( 
D tjnortaUy 



rnUdy 
leiti. and 48th M1&6. Reg'ts.) 



1 Bkoors' Batteries. 



8 S Bnr.-Oenersl 

86 MaJotMiTCRS 

87 CcsHiKo'e Battery, A, 4th U. 8. (Ist Position). 

88 Capt. Banm (Gen. WiBn's Staff). 

89 list Pa. Vols. 

go Mi^jor-GeDerBl MKaDl((3oni[nander-ta-ebleO, 

9 1 An?Ia In the Stone Will. 

92 Lieut. HassiLL (Gen. Gibbon's StitlT). 

93 Capt. Pabibb (Gen. UaHooci'a SUtf). 

LOCAL POINTS. 

H Poach OroharA I Sherfey's House. J 

U Oak Hill. V Pennsylvania College. W 

CONFEDERATE REFERENCES. 

r'B Brig., (Sth.l8th. 19th. 2Slb, and .16th Vn. Res'ts.) 
s Brig., (ad, 2t.l, 4.Hth (la. Ket'ls. and 2d Battalion.) 
r's Artillery— Maobi» 
Brig., (9lh, IJlh, 



150 Ga>nr 

151 WaiCH 



153 
154 

15S Brig.Oi 



154 & 149 Poaoni 



H ami Lewih 
I3lb, ft3d 
J Arttlicry—VoZAtT'a 



57th Va 



156 

157 l-BOi 

158 Maj..i 
ISB-aLani 

159 MclN 



_ _ id Bbooks' Batteries, 

i.v..,. PBTTI>>nBW (./■OUTlrfed). 
(Col. LouMXOB's) Brig., (13lh, IClh^SSd, 341h, and 331h N, 



UNION REFERENCES. 

S4 First Union Gun, CAUir'8 (Tiobali-'b) Battery, A, !d V. S. 

95 71st Pa. Vols, (two Comnai ' 

96 Army Head-«iuarters' triors. 

97 A- 72 Co. C, 1st Minn. Vols. (DWUlon Provost Guard). 

98 8th Ohio Vols. 

99 14th Conn. VolD. 

100 Brig.-GencramATB, 8d Dlv., 2d Corps, 

101 1st Del. Vols. 

1 02 12th N. J. Vols. 
1 0»-a 125th N. T. Vols. 

103 " Limber" belonging to CnsaiHO's Battsf^. 



107 WuKELEB's New Tork (Independent) B«tt«r7. 

108 I08tb N. T. Vols. . , „, 

1 09 Col. Sherbill (morUitly tcoiiru/ed), 8d Brig., 8d Dlv., 
lip WoooBtTFv's Battery, I, 1st U. S. 

ufSirp., (lOTth Pi, 16th Me, Mth, I04tb H. T, and 

Ut So7-9;;?S,','Slll°rfg";'2Tb^5.,'\'.'ti,'^i^5iU„78d Ohio, .86.1. N. T, Vol..,, and 8«d lias. V.;. 

; 1 ? t^^Xl^^l^":^^. u'?S.rp^ («th. 83.1 N. T., 88.h. ,0th P., and .2th' Hu. 

119 Ualor-G«Dem\ Howa&d, litis Oorp% 

130 Brig.-General StltnwMB, 2d Dlv. lltliOoiT«i 

120-aBrlg.-GenetBl Sobubz, 8d Dlv., Utb Coq^ 

121 CoL ToHFXtNS, Chief flth Corps Artllleir. 

1 22 Major Obbormb, Chief 11th (Jorpe ArtUery- 

123 MoCaBTMlY's Mass. Battery. 

124 BoTLin's Battery, 6, 2d U. S. 

125 Sergeant Tbivob, with two guns of Wbk's Battery, C, 6th O. B. 

LOCAL POINTS. 

1 Emmttshnrg Koad. M Oopae of treea. 

Y Tinejlown Road. (See A.) Z Cemettij. 

CONFEDERATE REFERENCES. 

162 SMlin's Battery. 163 Watsom s Battery 

. 64 First Coofedertte gun. 
lie pS".«""ico^!'MAT[;HALL',) Bri?.(IUh 8fith.4Tth and 62d N. C. Reg't..) 
167 Lane's Brie., (Tth. 18th, 28th, Md, "•^^f."' «. C. R^gts.) 



161 Happ'8 Battery. 



a Artilletf- 

•r*— Ro«b\ Wino 

i^illery— KioK'B, . _ 

» (CoV FRifK'8) Britr- (let, 7tb, 



1, Zimmerman's, and MoObaw's Batteries. 

and Patterson's Batterlea. 

•b, and JUbt'8 Bntterioa. 

14th TenQ^ ISlh Ala. Reg'ts,and 5th Ala. Battalia 



Battery, and Officer represented on this Fainting wiU be found in the Index to ♦^he DESCKIPTIVE KEY, preceded by the nnmber indicating its position on the Faintiog, and followed 



167 Lane's Brie., (Ttb. 18tb, 28t&. 8»a, ""«■'"«■ ^ •^5 ' 

1 68 Thomas's Brig., (Mth. 85tli, 45tb, and ^Sb Oa. Reg^tO 

1 69 Davis's Brifr^ (2d. Ilth, 42d Mies., on.l »lh N. C. Re« t»., 

} ?f ^^„rA°„?s'?S °p".r..?,"iiHg. (,1SU eth, IBth, Uth S.CEe.'"> .;.„-' 0"> K'"*) 

1 72 BBOKENBosmrou'B Brip., (40th. 47t>i, 65ih Va. ReR'ta. and 82«J B(ilt«lioo). 

1 73 RAMsiun'8 Brie (2d. *»>, l^th, and 80li N. 0. R«g'ta.) 

I 74 C«oredt:rate prlsoDera. 

by reference to the pages desoribtng It. 



N 



-^■-^"•••f -'!?••" 



THE STORY 



BATTLE of GETTYSBURG 

AND 

DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTING 



REPULSE OF LONGSTREET's ASSAULT 



By JAMES WALKER 



AND OF THE 



STEEL ENGRAVING FROM IT by H. B. HALL. JR. 



^tBtortral Arrangrmput auit Srsrrt^timt 

By JOHN B. BACH ELDER, A.M. 

Author of the Isometricai. Drawing ok the Gettysburg Battlefield, Positions of Troops 

ON Engineer-Maps; Government Historian of the Battle of Gettysburg; 

United States Commissioner to Mark the Battlefield ; 

etc., etc. 



WITH KEY AND DIAGRAM OF THE BATTi^E. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED 
WITH SCENES OF THE LEADING BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR. 

AUTOGRAPH LETTERS IN FACSIMILE OF DISTINGUISHED GENERALS 
AND MANY OTHER RARE DOCUMENTS. 



Copyrighted, ig04, by Jatnes D. Ball. 



Historical Art Company, 
Boston, Mass. 



LIBRAITYofOeNQlTESS 
TVro Copies Received 
AUG 12 1904 

H/rIrM Entry 
ft- XXo. No. 

9i (> ^ ^ 
' COPY B I 



,53 




UNION GENERALS AT GETTYSBURG. 




CONFEDERATE GENERALS AT GETTYSBURG. 





/U<^ //L^£^e< ^Sc C^H>U^oCiL4AJU^ c/ /<^*>ua^ OCA. 



cSf C>fL^<JLU.<^cy~-^ /-C^CA-^^H^UZ^ , 






THE STORY OF THE BATTLE. 

The Battle of Gettysburg must always be regarded as the decisive, though not the 
closing, battle of the war. 

In the struggle was involved not only the honor of the Army of the Potomac, but 
the safety from invasion of the Northern States; not only the success of Lee's sortie, but 
that of the Confederacy itself; the life of the nation and the fate of liberty throughout 
the world hung in the dreadful balance. Its result not only put an end to all hopes and 
fears of a Northern invasion, but forced the Confederate leaders and armies to resume the 
defensive policy. 

It was eminently proper, therefore, that this battle should be selected as the one most 
worthy to be fully and faithfully illustrated and described by the artist's pencil and the 
historian's pen. The painting which is now before the reader's eye is the result of the 
former's labors; the work of the author is not yet completed. 

From the grand assault of Longstreet's command, on the third dav ot the b?ttle, 
the Confederate army retired bloodily repulsed and forever broken; Lee's army never 
again recovered from the blow which it here received." 

The repulse of Longstreet's charge was consequently not only the decisive episode 
of this decisive battle, but of the war. 

When this painting is examined by the educated military critic, accustomed to extensive 
field operations, his practiced eye will readily follow the evolutions of the several commands. 
He will discover the threatened point of attack and understand the manner of defense. 
The movements of the exhausted batteries which are "limbering to the rear," and 
of those which go thundering to the front will be readily understood. The excited infantry 
which rush in to the combat, — the cool reserves who rest on their arms, — the dashing 
horsemen with their curious pennants, — the unarmed prisoners hurried and hurrying to 
the rear, — the shattered limber and wounded horses, — -the puffs of smoke from cannon 
and musketry, and exploding shells which dot the scene, tell the story of battle in lan- 
guage familiar to the soldier. But to those unacquainted with military evolutions and battle 
scenes, this painting, in which grand pictorial effects have been designedly sacrificed to 
accuracy, must present an aspect of confusion. For this reason, the accompanying Key 
and the following description of the painting have been prepared. The former indicates 
every point of interest on the field ; the latter contains a description of the battlefield ; 
a brief outline of events of the three days' battle, and of numerous incidents illustrated 
in the painting ; besides an appendix, giving extracts from the official reports and letters 

a. Lieutenant-General James Longstreet of the Confederate army spent several hours, in 1868, in 
Mr. Walker's studio, examining this painting, not then completed. After looking at it closely for some 
time, he turned with a sad smile to the designer, and said : — 

" Colonel, there's where I came to grief." 

"Yes," I responded. "I have called your assault the 'tidal-wave,' and the copse of trees |y| in the 
center of the picture, the ' high-water mark ' of the rebellion." 

" You said rightly," he responded. " We were successful until then. From that point we retreated 
and continued to recede, and never again made successful headway." 



GETTYSbURC; 



DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



of the commanders on both sides, fully establishing the authenticity of the painting. All 
interest in it must depend on its correctness ; and to establish this, the key and description 
have been prepared. But the interest in the picture will be largely enhanced, if the 
reader will carefully study the key and familiarize himself with the description. 

It is not claimed by the executor of this painting that the scenes and incidents repre- 
sented on it were of simultaneous occurrence. Indeed, it would have been quite impossible 
for the beholder to witness, at a single glance, the individual operations on the field of so 
manv thousands of men, or even to trace the movements of their commanders. In 
the representation of all historical events, the artist's license allows him to select and 
combine such episodes as will best convey the story to be told." It is asserted, however, 
that every movement indicated in this painting was enacted during the consummation of 
the great historical event, the charge and repulse of Longstreet's command, on the 
afternoon of July 3, 1863. When the reader shall have familiarized himself with the 
history of the action, as deduced from the subjoined description, and extracts contained in 
the appendix, the apparent intricacies of the painting will disappear, and he will have 
obtained a clear, intelligible idea of the greatest of modern battles, and the most daring 
of military movements. 

a. As an illustration — 

Major Mitchell*"** is represented reporting to Major-General Meade ^* that Major-General Han- 
cock ■*" has been wounded. Yet, by reference to the painting, we see General Hancock represented just 
falling from his horse. This seeming incongruity is adopted because the act ot tailing best tells the story. 
Had he been painted lying on the ground, no one would recognize the fact ot his being wounded 5 but, as it 
is, it is apparent to all. 

*'V\\e figures interspersed through the book refer to the outline A'ey of the painting, and are placed in two 
lines above it. The lower line refers to Union troops and officers. The upper line to the Confederates. The 
capital letters in the intermediate space refer to local points of interest. 




C^ V^O^^Xx^A-i 






V/S VO 



<b\>A.WvWvJO ^^J^/w^ 








;^-XAi\), ^N^'wx).. 



.iikj. 



Description of the Battlefield, 

The important local points of interest on the battlefield, as here delineated, demand 
our first attention, as necessary to the comprehension of the whole. Let the reader imagine 
himself on some elevated position facing the west, from which he can overlook the field at 
half-past three o'clock in the afternoon. 

Cemetery Hill Z, a prominent elevation, the burying-place of the town of Gettys- 
burg, bounds the painting on the right. Round Top Mountain D is at the extreme left. 
Protruding from its northern face is a bold granite spur, popularly known as Little Round 
Top B, but in my Isometrical Drawing of the field I have called it Weed's Hill,"in honor 
of the gallant general who gave his life in its defense. The low ridge connecting Ceme- 
tery Hill and Little Round Top, along which the Union line of battle was formed on the 
third day, has been known, since the battle, by the general name of Cemetery Ridge. 
The surface between Round Top and Little Round Top falls away into a depressed ridgo. 
The portion nearest Little Round Top occupied by General Vincent's brigade, on July 2d, 
I have called Vincent's Spur C, in honor of the officer who received there his mortal 
wound. Immediately in front of this is a rocky ravine filled with immense bowlders and 
deep chasms, which served as a natural work of defense during the battle of the second day ; 
it is now known as the Devil's Den E. Near by is a wheat field G, an inclosure of sev- 
eral acres, in which wheat was standing uncut when the battle began. It was the scene of 
many fierce encounters, and its name will always be identified with the history of the battle. 

At Cemetery Hill the ridge terminates, but the line of battle made a sharp turn to the 
east, and curved in southward again for a short distance, passing over another elevation known 
as Gulp's Hill. This part of the line is not shown in the paintmg, but its topography is 
clearly delineated, and the positions of all the troops are laid down on my Isometrical 
Drawing of the battlefield. Looking at the ridge from the north, it has the general form of 
the letter J. A still better if not more familiar comparison has likened it to a fish hook ; 
Round Top being the head. Cemetery Ridge the shank. Cemetery Hill the hook or bend, 
and Gulp's Hill the point. On this curiously curved ridge, and extending from Round 
Top to Gulp's Hill, was the line of battle of the Union army on July 3d. Only that por- 
tion of the line from Round Top to Cemetery Hill is shown in the painting. 

Behind and beyond Cemetery Hill a portion of the town of Gettysburg is seen X. 
Near the town is also seen the Pennsylvania College V, used as a Confederate hospital 
during and after the battle. 

Opposite, and about a mile due west from Cemetery Ridge and running parallel with 
it, is another crest formerly called Oak Ridge, but since the battle known as Seminary 
Ridge, from the Theological Seminary Q located on it. This crest i« cleared and culti- 
vated on its eastern slope, while the western side is generally covered with a growth of 
hardy timber, forming an admirable cover for troops. Along the greater part of this 
ridge, and at its summit, runs a strong stone wall ; behind this, and under cover of the 
woods, the Confederate army formed its line of battle on the second and third days of July. 
As a defensive line, military minds consider it nearly or quite as strong as that held by the 



Q GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Union troops. The portion of Seminary Ridge northwest from the town rises into quite 
an elevation, known as Oak Hill U. This was the central point of the first day's battle, 
the 1st corps being to its left, and the i i th corps on the right. At the base of Oak Hill, 
Seminary Ridge is crossed by the Mummasburg turnpike T, leading from the northwest 
into the town. Farther to the south the ridge is intersected by an unfinished railroad S, 
whose embankments and cuts formed an admirable protection for the contending forces on 
the first day ot the battle. Seventy-five yards to the left, and parallel to the railroad, runs 
the Chambersburg turnpike R. The Millerstown or Fairfield road P crosses the ridge 
three hundred yards south of the Chambersburg turnpike. The Theological Seminary Q 
is located on the crest between these two roads. 

Between Cemetery and Seminary ridges runs diagonally an intermediate crest, on 
which is the Emmettsburg road L. It commences in front of and near Cemetery Hill, and 
is lost in Seminary Ridge at a distance of two and a half miles. Cemetery Ridge, on 
which lay the Union army, and Seminary Ridge, on which the Confederates were 
posted, with this intermediate ridge (called by some historians Sickles' Ridge, because a 
portion of General Sickles' corps on the second day was engaged here), formed, looking 
from the north, an inverted letter N 5 looking from the position which the artist occupied, 
the three ridges form the letter Z- On this intermediate ridge are several points of inter- 
est. Midway between the town X and the intersection of the ridge with Seminary Ridge 
is a small brick house, known as Cordora's house K. It marks the place at which, on July 
1st, Reynolds' 1st corps left the Emmettsburg road, and moved diagonally across to 
Seminary Ridge. It was the scene of severe fighting between portions of Gibbon's 
Union and Anderson's Confederate troops, on July 2d, and around it surged the masses 
of Pickett's division in their advance on the Union lines on July 3d. Five hundred 
yards to the left of this is an apple orchard J, near a farmhouse occupied by General 
Humphreys as headquarters on July 2d. Further on is another brick house and a peach 
orchard H, the property of a Mr. Sherfey. Some of the most severe fighting of the battle 
took place here. Along this ridge, from near Cordora's house K to the peach orchard H, 
and thence refused through the wheat field G to Devil's Den E, the line of battle ot .he 
3d corps. General Sickles, was posted on July 2d. Major-General Humphreys' division 
formed the right of the line, and extended along the ridge nearly to the peach orchard. 
Major-General Birney's division held the line from the right of the peach orchard to Devil's 
Den. During the afternoon of July 2d, Caldwell's division of the 2d corps, and two 
brigades of Barnes' division of the 5th corps, besides two brigades of Ayres' division of 
the 5th corps, and McCandless' brigade of the 5th corps, were at times engaged along 
the left ot the same line. This intermediate ridge was also occupied on Julv 3d by a 
large force ot Confederate artillery. 

In the distance of the picture is seen the line of South Mountain. 



^riie First Day of the Battle, 

Having thus carefully studied the painting with the aid of the Ke-^, the reader will 
have before him the topography of the entire field of operations, save those on the right, 
and will be able to understand the events of each action. 

" Up from the south, at break of day," on June 30th, Buford's cavalry advanced 
by the Emmettsburg road L, and passing through Gettysburg, at noon moved out on the 
Chambersburg turnpike R, and bivouacked for the night beyond the western slope of 
Seminary Ridge, covering his front from the Fairfield road P on his left, along Oak Hill 
U to the Harrisburg road on his right. On the same day Lee's corps were advancing 
by the Chambersburg, Carlisle, and York roads, to concentrate at Gettysburg. Their 
advanced troops encountered Buford's cavalry early on the morning of July ist; the 
first gun^*** of the Confederates, posted at Herr's tavern on the Chambersburg road, 
being responded to by Tidballs' battery A, 2d U. S.''* on McPherson's Ridge, and 
the battle commenced. Buford's troops held the Confederates in check until the 1st 
corps, commanded by Major-General Doubleday (General Reynolds commanded the 
right wing of the army, though personally accompanying the 1st corps), advancing by 
the Emmettsburg road L, debouched at Cordora's house K, and rapidly crossing the fields, 
took up a line of battle near the Seminary Q, beyond Seminary Ridge. At a later period 
in the day, the l l th corps advanced likewise from the south, leaving one division under 
General Steinwehr,^-" as a reserve, on Cemetery Hill Z ; the two remaining divisions, 
under Generals Barlow and Schimmelphennig, took up a position immediately north of 
the town X. In the woods, to the left and front of the Seminary Q, General Reynolds 
fell. The locality has since been called Reynolds' Grove 0. Major-General Howard 
now assumed command of the field, and General Schurz of the I I th corps. From their 
positions, these two small corps were driven, after several hours' severe fighting, by the 
corps of Hill and Ewell, who outnumbered them largely. They retired through the 
town X in some confusion, large numbers being captured during the retreat, but were 
finally rallied on Cemetery Hill. They were soon after re-enforced by the 12th and 3d 
corps, and during the night and next day the Army of the Potomac was brought into 
position along Cemetery Ridge, its right extending to Culp's Hill, while the Confederate 
army was drawn up along Seminary Ridge, and in and to the northeast of the town. 




A GLIMPSE OF GETTYSBURG. 



The Second Day of the Battle, 

The morning of July zd was occupied by the enemy in reconnoissance, in which 
he sought the weak point of the Union line. General Sickles advanced his corps, and 
occupied the intermediate ridge along which runs the Emmettsburg road L. His line 
extended from near Cordora's house K through the apple orchard J to the peach 
orchard H, where turning and leaving the ridge, it was refused through the wheat 
field G by the Devil's Den E to the foot of Round Top. Against the left of this line 
Hood's division of Longstreet's corps was hurled about four o'clock on the afternoon of 
July zd. Its right passed beyond the left of the line, and advancing up the ravine, was 
checked by Vincent's brigade of the 5th corps only after reaching Vincent's Spur C. 
Generals Vincent and Weed fell in this desperate struggle. 

McLaws' division followed immediately on the left of Hood's, and, with Hood's 
left brigades, encountered the Union troops in and near the wheat field G. Caldweli's 
division, of the zd corps, and Tilton's and Sweitzer's brigades, of Barnes' division, 
of the 5th corps, were sent to General Birney's assistance, and were closely engaged 
on his front ; and subsequently General Ayres, of the 5th corps, with his two brigades 
of regulars, advanced to their support. But the line having been pierced at the peach 
orchard H, the whole force was taken in flank, routed, and forced from the position, 
followed by the Confederate troops ; they were checked, however, by a heavy musketry 
fire from McCandless' brigade, of Pennsylvania Reserves, posted on the northern slope 
of Little Round Top B, and fell back to the wheat field G, followed by the *' Reserves," 
supported by Nevins' brigade of the 6th corps. In the mean time Barksdale's brigade 
supported by Wofford's brigade, both of McLaws' division, had attacked and carried 
the salient at the peach orchard H, thus cutting Sickles' line in twain. Humphreys' 
division was attacked on its left and front by Barksdale's brigade, followed by Wilcox's 
and Wright's brigades of Anderson's division, and Birney's division on its right by 
McLaws' division, and though re-enforced by the troops from the zd and 5 th corps, 
as before mentioned, the whole line was forced back to Cemetery Ridge, where the 
Confederates were repulsed by troops from the zd and 3d corps (and McCandless' 
brigade on the left, as before mentioned), and held until Robinson's and Doubleday's 
divisions of the ist corps and Lockwood's brigade of the i zth corps had been rapidly 
formed in prolongation of Hancock's line, presenting a barrier which the Confederates 
hesitated to attack. 

General Sickles was severely wounded, losing a leg near the wheat field G, and 
the casualties among brigade commanders were unusually heavy : General Zook '** and 
Colonels Cross ''-'and Willard '*'*■'' were killed. Colonel Brooke ^*^ was wounded ; and 
General Graham was wounded near the peach orchard H, and taken prisoner. The 
action ended on the left at dusk, with an indefinite advantage for the Confederates. As 
the day closed, two other attacks of no mean proportions were made on the Union line. 
One on East Cemetery Hill defended by several batteries, supported by Ames' division 
of the llth corps. Hayes' and Hoke's brigades of Early's division attacked this posi- 



ENGAGEMENT ON THE LEFT-CENTER AND RIGHT. 



ii 



tion with the greatest fury, capturing Wiedrick's battery and spiking two of Rickett's 
guns, but were soon afterward driven off by Carroll's brigade and other troops hurried 
to the scene. At nearly the same time Johnson's division advanced upon the Union 
line at Gulp's Hill, which had been held by Geary's and Ruger's divisions, and Lock- 
wood's brigade of the 12th corps, the whole covered by fine intrenchments. When the 
3d corps was driven in on the left, and fears were felt for the safety of the main line. 
General Meade directed General Slocum, commanding the right wing, to detach a por- 
tion of the I 2th corps not yet engaged, and send it to that point. General Williams, 
commanding the corps, moved at once with his own division, temporarily commanded 
by General Ruger, and Lockwood's brigade, and subsequently sent for two brigades 
of Geary's division, thus leaving Greene's brigade alone to hold a line intended to 
be defended by a whole corps. They had hardly left their works when Johnson's 
division advanced to the attack. The position was stoutly defended by General 
Greene's brigade, re-enforced by a few troops from the 1st and iith corps, and 
against no portion of his line did Johnson make any headway, but veering to his left 
he discovered and occupied the tenantless works just vacated ; although the darkness, 
which had now come on, prevented him from knowing the full value of his success. He 
had obtained a foothold immediately in the rear of the main line of battle of the Union 
army, and within a few hundred yards of General Meade's headquarters, at which 
all the corps commanders were in council, with no troops intervening. 

During the night the position of Sickles was occupied by General Lee with both 
artillery and infantry. Still the main line of the Union army had nowhere been pene- 
trated during the day, except at Gulp's Hill. 




general HANCOCK COMMANDING LEFT CENTER AT GETTYSBURG. 



L.pfC. 



J, 



t// /Pu^L 



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U^ <<j>lywtt^ /li , /. p^^ ^ C^-z.e^^" Vi'^ ' cjUv^^c^ 




T'he Third Day of the Battle. 

The first hours of dawn on July 3d were devoted to driving Ewell from the works 
sei/ed by him on Gulp's Hill, which was accomplished after a heavy cannonade by the 
artillery, followed by severe fighting on the part ot the 12th corps, re-enforced by General 
Shaler's brigade of the 6th corps, which lasted several hours. Ruger's division, consist- 
ing of McDougall's and Colgrove's brigades, which with Lockwood's independent 
brigade, and Candy's and Kane's brigades, of Geary's division, had returned during the 
night ; the latter brigade in time to participate at the close of the engagement. 

From this time until one o'clock in the afternoon there was no general fighting. Gen- 
eral Lee was preparing for the grand assault on which he based his hopes of carrying the 
Union position, and severing the Union army, sweep it from the field. The Confederates 
lay mainly along Seminary Ridge, Hood's division holding the right wing" being advanced 
to the woods in front of Round Top D. Law's ^'^^ and Anderson's ^-'^ brigades had 
moved" on the 3d to the extreme right to watch Kilpatrick's cavalry,^' with which they 
were engaged late in the afternoon, beyond and in front of Round TopD ''• Hood's 
line consisted of Law' s,^''*'- Roberton's,^*^' Anderson's,^-"'' and Benning's^-'*'^ brigades. 
General Hood was wounded on the afternoon of the 2d, and his division was com- 
manded on the 3d by General Robertson. McLaws' division, on his left, extended 
northward across the country road leading from the Emmettsburg road at the peach 
orchard H, westerly toward Fairfield." His line consisted of Kershaw's,^-'"' Barks- 
dale's,^^**' Wofford's,^''-"'' and Semmes' ^'''''' brigades. On McLaws' left was Anderson's 
division, consisting of Wilcox' s,'*''' Perry's,^'''"' Wright's,'"^" Posey's,"**" and Ma- 
hone's""'^' brigades; the two former in an advanced position, under orders to cover the 
right of the assaulting column ; the others remained behind the crest of Seminary 
Ridge. 

General Pickett's division of Longstreet's corps arrived in the field on the morning 
of July 3d,'' and, not having been previously engaged, was selected to form the right 
wing of the assaulting column," the left being composed of troops from Hill's corps. 
Pickett's division consisted of three brigades of Virginia troops, under Generals 

a. Longstpeet's report. 

b. Verbal statement of General Hood. — Verbal statement of the officers of the I 5th Alabama regiment. 

c. Law's brigade, i''" 4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, and 48th Alabama. 

d. Robertson's brigade, '-"^ ist, 4th, and 51st Texas, and 3d Arkansas. 

e. Anderson's brigade,!-" ^fh, 8th, 9th, iith, and 59th Georgia. 

f. Benning's brigade,!-^ 2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Georgia. 

g. Statement of General Wofford. 

h. Kershaw's brigade, 1-9 zd, 3d, 7th, 8th, and 15th South Carolina. 

i. Barksdale's brigade, 1'^ 13th, 17th, l8th, and 21st Mississippi. 

/. Wofford's brigade,''"'- l6th, l8th,and 24th regiments, Cobb's legion, and Phillips' legion, Georgia. 

k. Semmes' brigade, l-^l loth, 50th, 51st, and 53d Georgia. 

/. Wilcox's brigade, !''■'• 8th, 9th, 10, nth, and 14th Alabama. 

W.Perry's brigade, i'"''' 2d, 5th, and 8th Florida. 

11. Wright's brigade,'''' 2d, 3d, 22d, 48th, and 2d battalion, Georgia. 

0. PosEv's brigade,!** 12th, l6th, 19th, and 48th Mississippi. 

p. Mahone's brigade, !■*>'' 6th, 12th, i6th, 41st, and 6lst Virginia. 

q. Statement of Colonel Harrison, General Pickett's adjutant-general. 



14 GETTYSBURG DKSCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Kemper,""'''' Garnett,^''"'' and Armistead.'"" The two first named formed the front line ; 
Armistead held the second.'' Heth's division of Hill's corps, commanded by General 
Pettigrew,'' formed the left wing. Archer's ^''"'' brigade, of Tennessee and Alabama 
troops, commanded by Colonel Frye, held its right, and joined on Garnett's left. 
Brockenborough's Virginia brigade '^'-^ held the left of Pettigrew's command, while his 
own brigade of North Carolinians, ^^^^ commanded on this occasion by Colonel Marshall, 
was on the right-center, and Davis' Mississippi brigade, ^*''"' on the left-centre. These 
troops formed the first line of the left wing of the assaulting column. The second line, 
commanded by Major-General Trimble, formed in rear of Pettigrew's right.'' Scales' 
North Carolina brigade, ^^''' commanded by Colonel Lourance, held its right,' and Lane's 
North Carolina brigade,^®'* the left. 

Thomas' North and McGowan's South Carolina brigades, of Pender's division. 
Hill's corps, had been advanced the night before to a narrow road leading from the town 
to Bliss' buildings N,' and being covered by the intermediate ridge, and in a favorable posi- 
tion to protect the left wing of the assaulting column, remained there, with Thomas' 
brigade^"'*'" on the right, and McGowan's brigade, '^^"' commanded by Colonel Perrin, 
on the left. On the latter's left, nearer town, was Ramseur's brigade ^'■'° of North 
Carolina troops, and, in succession, the other brigades of Rodes' division. 

The massing o^ the artillery to cover the grand assault was on a no less formidable 
scale. Guns were placed on every available position ; which are indicated in the painting 
bv pufFs of smoke seen along Seminary Ridge to Oak Hill U, and in the key by the 
usual figures.'' Henry's battalion of artillery '■''■*'' held the Confederate right, represented 
in the painting over and bevond the peach orchard H. On his left was Alexander's 
battalion,^''"' at and in rear of the peach orchard. On the left of Alexander was 
Eshleman's battalion^''''" (the Washington artillery of New Orleans). Next came 
Dearing's battalion.""' The two last named were within close range of the Union 
lines, and their fire proved very destructive. They are represented in the painting on the 
intermediate ridge between Cordora's house K and the apple orchard J. On the left of 



a. Kemper's brigade, l"*'' 1st, 3d, 7th, iith, and 24th Virginia. 
/'. Garnett's brigade, 8th, i8th, 19th, 28th, and 56th Virginia. 

c. Armistead's brigade, 9th, 14th, 38th, 53d, and 57th Virginia. 

d. Longstreet's report. 

e. Archer's brigade,^''" ist, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, 5th and 13th Alabama. 

f. Brockenborough's brigade,!"- 40th, 47th, and 55th, and 22d battalion, Virginia. 

g. Pettigrf.vv's brigade, i*"' nth, 26th, 47th, and 52d North Carolina. 

h. Davis' brigade, 2d, nth, and 42d Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina. (A large number of the 
2d and 42d were taken prisoners at the railroad cut S o" the first day. ) 

i. Scales' (Lourance's) brigade,^''*' 13th, i6th, 22d, 34th, and 38th North Carolina. 

j. Report of Scales' brigade. 

/f. Lane's report. Lane's brigade,167- yth, l8th, 28th, 33d, and 37th North Carolina. 

/. Burned by order of General Hays just previous to the cannonade. Hays' report. 

m. Thomas' brigade, '^s 14th, 35th, 4Tth, and 49th Georgia. 

n. McGowan's brigade, l^^l ist, 12th, 13th, 14th, and Orr's Rifles, South Carolina. 

o. Ramseur's brigade, 2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th North Carolina. 

p. The batteries in the subjoined reference have been arranged from the reports of the several bat- 
talion commanders, and if any have been omitted, it may arise from the fact that they were not written for 
publication. 

q. Henry's battalion l'''* was composed of Reilly's and Latham's batteries (and probably others, 
though not mentioned in Major Henry's report). 

r. Alexander's battalion,''""' composed of Moody's, Taylor's, Rhett's, Parker's, Jordan's, and 
Woolfolk's batteries. 

s. Eshleman's battalion''"' was composed of Miller's, Norcom's, and Richardson's batteries. 

/. Bearing's battalion''"' was composed of Stribling's, Miller's, Macon's, Caskie's, and Blout's 
batteries. 








ItUa^ UrU4C fiMAA., 4AA^ JtVUAAJiti ^uj- TJuaA^ 

^J'^'^Ifh- ^^^-^^^i^ .i^^^^ 

y^cti^, ^c-M^ Ih^ ^^h^ /oi<AK.crd^ CZ^ 




l6 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Dearing's was Cabell's battalion,^''*" which on the painting is seen beyond and in range 
of the copse of trees M. Poague's battalion"'"' was placed next in the line, and in suc- 
cession Garnett's,^^-'' Pegram's,^^''' Lane's/^*^'"^ and McIntosh's^"'"'-'' battalions, and 
Happ's,'"^ Smith's,^"- Watson's,^''"' and Cunningham's ^'^' batteries of Dana's" battalion, 
which filled the line to the railroad S. On Oak Hill U Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill 
caused to be planted two Armstrong guns, of Rice's battery, McIntosh's battalion, 
which during the battle distributed their bolts from Cemetery Hill Z to Round Top D. 
In this line the Confederates had nearly i 50 guns.* Holding the periphery of the circle, 
they were enabled by a concentration of fire upon any one point to bring thrice as 
many guns to bear upon it as could be used in reply. As it was, the Confederate line 
actually held nearly twice as many guns as were in the Union line, which mounted only 
about 100 pieces,' all that could be placed in position. 

THE cannonade. 

It was not until one o'clock in the afternoon that the dreadful preparations for the 
attack were completed ; but at that hour at a given signal the preliminary bombardment 
intended to cover the assault was opened.-' This cannonading from nearly 250 guns con- 
tinued uninterruptedly for two hours. During this terrible duel the Union troops crouched 
behind their rude breastworks, and such other slight cover as they could find behind outcrop- 
ping rocks and the undulations of the surface, tightly grasping the musket on which they knew 
they must finally depend. Many caissons'' and limbers of artillery were exploded on both 
sides, and many, very many casualties occurred, but the destruction of life was not as 
great as might naturally be expected from such a fearful bombardment, which has never be- 
fore been equaled on this continent, if in the world. 

THE CHARGE AND REPULSE. 

Finally, at three o'clock, p. m., the cannonade ended, and the order was given for the 
grand assault. Pickett and Pettigrew advanced simultaneously, followed by Trimble's 
command. The gallant conduct of the Confederate troops during this celebrated attack 

a. Cabell's battalion 1'*^ was composed of Frazer's, Manly's, McCarthy's, and Carlton's batteries. 
d. Poague's battalion l'*^ comprised Vozatt's, Graham's, Ward's, and Brooks' batteries. 

c. Garnett's battalion.!''-' Maurin's and Lewis' batteries are the only ones mentioned by name in 
Lieutenant-Colonel Garmett's report, though he speaks of nine rifled guns being in position under Major 
Richardson. 

d. Pegram's battalion,!"'' comprising Manve's, Brander's, Zimmerman's, and McGraw's batteries. 

e. Lane's battalionl'^*'-'' was composed of Ross', Wingfield's, and Patterson's batteries. 

f. McIntosh's battalion'^'-' was composed of Rice's, Johnson's, and Hart's batteries. In Hart's 
were two Armstrong guns.!"^" 

p. Dana's battalion, comprising Grah.am's, Dana's (Lieutenant Cunningham commanding), Wat- 
son's,!**^ Smith's,!*^- and Happ's batteries. "'^ 

k. Report of General Pendleton, Confederate chief of artiller\, corroborated by reports of each artillery 
battalion commander. 

/. The report of General Hunt, chief of the Union artillery, gives seventy-five guns on the western 
crest of Cemetery Ridge, without enumerating those on Cemetery Hill 7. Major Osborne's report, chief of 
the eleventh corps artillery, places in position on the hill the batteries of Taft, 5th New York (Independ- 
ent) ; Dilger, I, 1st Ohio; Bancroft, G, 4th United States; Eakin, H, ist United States ; Wheeler, 
13th New York (Independent) ; Hill, C, 1st Virginia ; and Captain Edgell, ist New Hampshire, reports 
his battery there. Several of these batteries suffered severely during the two previous days, having guns dis- 
abled, and others may not have been engaged all the time ; but I think twenty-five guns a fair estimate, which 
would increase the number to one hundred. 

/. Pendleton's report. 

i. See McGilvery's brigade,* on the painting. 



THE ASSAULT AND REPULSE. I7 

has universally received the highest praise fnom the Union commanders." Pickett's 
Virginia troops were fresh in the field, and much better protected in their advance by the 
undulations of the surface than those of Pettigrew on his left, while Pettigrew and 
Trimble's commands, the first to break,* had suffered the demoralizing disadvantage of 
having lost fearfully in the first day's battle. It is not strange that they broke before 
reaching the Union lines ; the great wonder is that they succeeded in advancing as far as 
they did. 

The advance of more than 1,300 yards was not distinguished by that dash and 
enthusiasm which usually characterize an infantry charge. Slowly but determinedly'^ 
they moved forward, notwithstanding each man knew every step brought him nearer 
"the jaws of death." For the first half of the distance a deadly silence reigned, save 
an occasional shot from some gunner who was not impressed with the awful solemnity 
of the scene. It was not until half across the plain ** that they encountered the fire of 
the Union artillery, but against which, as a man presses against a blinding storm, they 
moved steadily on as if impelled by a will greater than their own, some mighty, un- 
seen power which they could not resist. Solid shot plowed through their ranks, spherical- 
case rattled in their midst, and canister swept them by hundreds from the field. Yet 
on they pressed unflinchingly. 

Presently the Union infantry opened, and for a moment they staggered, halted, and 
returned the fire, and then with a wild " yell" they dashed on to their dreadful doom. 
The left of the column crossed the Emmettsburg road not more than 180 yards from the 
Union line. This road was enclosed by two stout, high "post and rail" fences, which 
tended materially to break the line,* but notwithstanding this serious obstruction, and the 
destructive fire to which they were exposed, the attacking forces still advanced, delivering 
a rapid and deadly discharge of musketry as they moved. But no troops could resist the fear- 
ful fire which opposed them. They could not reach the wall and live. The left wing 
was the first to break. It was exposed to a raking flank fire of canister, and a heavy 
front-'' and flank fire of musketry.'' Many fled in confusion to the rear, losing as heavily 
in their retreat as their advance, being followed nearly to the Emmettsburg road by the en- 
thusiastic regiments on the right of Hays' division. Others forced to their right, by the 
terrible fire on their left,* united with the right wing still advancing,* and finally joined 
it in its attack on Webb's front, while thousands threw down their arms and came quietly 
in as prisoners, where they had vainly tried to go as victors. The right wing was par- 
tially covered in its advance by Cordora's house K, and several rocky knolls covered with 
low scrub-oak growth, behind which the troops re-formed, and finally advanced on 
Webb's line.-' His center was broken and his guns captured, but the captors soon found 
themselves captives. All who crossed the wall in Webb's front remained either dead, 
dying, or prisoners. The Union troops by a simultaneous attack closed in upon the assault- 
ing column, and captured all who did not seek safety in flight.* Thousands threw 

a. Hancock's, Hunt's, Hays', Gibbons', Webb's, Newton's, Stannard's, and other reports. 

b. Longstreet's report. 

c. Union reports. 

d. Reports of General Davis, Archer's brigade, Pettigrew's brigade, Pender's division. 

e. Report of Archer's brigade. 

f. Report of General Hays. 

g. Report of Pettigrew's and Lane's brigades. 

h. Report of Colonel Sawyer, 8th Ohio volunteers. 
i. Report of General Hancock. 

j. Reports of Hancock, Hunt, Gibbon, Webb, Harrow, etc. See Webb's letter. 
k. Consi^ierable effort has been made to discover who first ordered a flank attack, but it will probably be 



10 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

themselves on the ground for protection from the terrible fire which hemmed them in, or 
held up their hands in token of surrender." By four o'clock the repulse was complete 
and the victory won. General Anderson "- ordered up Wright's brigade ^''^ to attack 
as a relief to Pickett, but General Longstreet "^ directed him to stop the movement, 
remarking '<that it was useless and would only involve unnecessary loss, the assault hav- 
ing failed.'"' General Longstreet then ordered General Wright, with all his officers 
and a portion of his own staff, to rally and collect the scattered troops behind Ander- 
son's division.'' In the assault General Garnett^^" had been killed. General Armis- 
tead,"" and it was thought General Kemper,"" were mortally wounded ; Generals 
Trimble '"'^ and Pettigrew,^'''^ commanding divisions. Colonels Frye, Marshall, and 
Lourance, brigade commanders, and thousands of others lay bleeding on the field. Color- 
bearers and color-guards had fallen, and twenty-seven of their blood-stained flags re- 
mained in the hand of the victors."" 

General Wilcox's command ^•""'' ^"'" continued to advance on Pickett's right, and as he 
passed Dearing's artillery^**' and saw nothing of Pickett's column, which had been 
literally obliterated, he supposed it had pierced the Union lines, now enveloped in smoke, 
and passed over the crest.'' Soon he learned his mistake. His men finding themselves 
the center of a cross-fire of artillery from the flanks, ^'-*'''''''^--'' and a front fire of musketry 
from the 1 4th Vermont volunteers, '''' dashed madly forward, and with the instinct of old 
soldiers sought the cover of a rocky ravine filled with trees and undergrowth. The i6th 
Vermont volunteers *'•' moved down this ravine, supported by four companies of the 14th 
Vermont,^" and attacking Wilcox in flank, captured a large part of his command, particularly 
from the Florida brigade, while the remainder fell back. This was the closing scene of 
the most daring military movement recorded in modern warfare. 

shown that the necessity for it was apparent to every military mind, and that the startling exigencies of the 
emergency prompted them to its execution. General Hancock in his official report says : " Passing at this 
time, Colonel Devereux, comamnding the 19th Massachusetts volunteers, anxious to be in the right place, 
applied to me for permission to move his regiment to the right and front, where the line had been broken. I 
granted it, and his regiment and Colonel Mallon's 42d New York volunteers on his right proceeded there 
at once." In the winter of 1863, while visiting the army, I was told by the commanding officer of the 19th 
Maine volunteers, that General Gibbon was wounded while directing that regiment to wheel out of line to 
give a flank fire (it subsequently retired from its right, and attacked the enemy in connection with the 19th 
Massachusetts and 42d New York). I have in my possession a private letter from Lieut. W. E. Barrows of 
Colonel Hall's staff, bearing on its face unmistakable evidence of truth, stating that Colonel Hall sent him 
to General Newton with a request for troops to put in on the enemy's flank. General Hancock in his 
report speaks of having sent an order to General Stannard to throw two of his regiments on the enemy's 
right, v.hile it is a well-known fact that General Stannard directed the same movement before receiving the 
order. Subsequently Major Mitchell, of General Hancock's staff, issued a similar order on his own re- 
sponsibility, in his chief's name, and was surprised a moment after to see General Hancock lying wounded on 
the ground before him. Thus it will be seen that proof is conclusive that the same happy thought originated 
simultaneously in several minds. 

a. General Hancock's report. 

b. General Longstreet' s report. 

c. General Hancock in his report says; "Each division has been credited with the number of flags 
actually turned in, and tor which receipts are held, making the aggregate twenty-seven. There were un- 
doubtedly thirty-three colors captured, the balance having been secreted as individual trophies." 

d. Report of Generals Longstreet and Wilcox, with a verbal explanation from each of them. 

e. See General Wilcox's report. 



Description of the Painting, 

It was the exciting scene of the repulse of Longstreet's assault which was chosen 
for illustration, and which Mr. Walker, the celebrated battle-scene painter, has so accu- 
rately and graphically represented. A word of explanation is here due the artist who has 
executed this painting. It differs materially from ordinary scenes of this kind. Usually, 
the painter, having a few leading incidents of a battle in his mind, clothes the picture with 
the mystery of color and effect, and gives an imaginary, rather than a literal rendition of 
the subject. But, in the production of this picture, Mr. Walker has endeavored to 
weave into an harmonious whole the prominent incidents and episodes of this portion 
of the battle, and has never resorted to fiction, when truth would do as well. No 
stretch of the imagination has been indulged in. The material for its composition was 
furnished him by the government historian of the battle and arranged under his direction, 
and should any mistakes have been made, they are the historian's and not the painter's. 
The ardstic rendering of the subject is due to the genius of Mr. Walker ; that the execu- 
tion is highly artistic, in spite of the fact that effect has been sacrificed in many instances 
to accuracy, the ablesc art critics have acknowledged. 

It was the earnest desire and purpose of the proprietor of this painting to avoid the 
stereotyped style of battle pictures taught us in our earliest schoolbooks and other illus- 
trated works, and kept up during the war by the illustrated papers, and not infrequently 
indulged in even now by some would-be battle-scene painters of the present day. Such 
pictures and paintings, in which giants in stature struggle in fierce hand-to-hand conflicts, 
bayonedng, or dashing each other's brains out, may possibly resemble the conflicts of 
the middle ages ; certainly they do not illustrate the general features of modern battles. 
Isolated instances of men being bayoneted may have occurred, — there is only one which 
now occurs to me (that of the death of Colonel Jeffers, of the Fourth Michigan 
volunteers, bayonted while defending his colors against the attack of Wqfford's bri- 
gade, on the evening of July 2) on record, in the reports of the battle of Gettysburg ; 
but such rare occurrences do not form an entire battle, and no ardst is warranted in thus 
educating the public into a false idea of modern batdes. My purpose has been to present 
a truthful representation of an American battle, with American soldiers contending, as they 
did actually contend. 

It was also my desire that the troops of no one State should receive any undue prom- 
inence ; and, in the painting, all are represented with equal fairness. When General Lee 
called for troops to storm the heights of Gettysburg, the sons of Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and 
Texas responded, and moved shoulder to shoulder to the assault. And, when thenadon's 
life was thus assailed, her defenders from every Northern State sprang to the rescue, and 
mingled their blood in one common cause. Side by side. New York and Massachu- 
setts charged on the foe ; the sons of Maine and Minnesota, Connecticut and Penn- 
sylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, New Hampshire and Vermont, Ohio and Michi- 
gan, Rhode Island and Maryland, Illinois and Wisconsin, Indiana and West Virginia, 
together rushed to the threatened point. In a word, the sons of every Union-loving 



20 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

State, and of every European liberty-loving nationality, rallied under the banner, and are 
equally entitled to representation in this great National Painting of the culminating struggle 
at Gettysburg. 

The success of the effort is respectfully submitted to the veterans of the Army of the 
Potomac. 

In the selection of a foreground for this painting, I chose the point of station from 
which to best represent this scene ; and, also, to give the best portrait of the field in such 
a clear manner, that the brave men who fought on the several days of the battle might 
point out the localities of their various engagements. The observer is supposed to bt 
elevated in rear of Cemetery Ridge, and looking westward toward the Confederate position. 

In the immediate foreground of the painting are represented the colors of Webb's*'" 
and Hall's"""' brigades, with the color-guard and headquarters horses. 

The group at the immediate left is formed of the figures of Brigadier-General Armis- 
tead"'' and Lieutenant-Colonel Martin,"' of the Confederate army, Captain Bingham," 
judge-advocate, on Major-General Hancock's staff, and the men who have been bearing 
the wounded general to the rear. General Armistead was among the first to leap the 
stone wall at the Union line.**^ As he did so, he drew his sword, placed his hat upon 
its point, raised it aloft and cried, '* Boys, we must use the cold steel ; who will follow 
me ? " Lieutenant-Colonel Martin of the 53d Virginia and a few score of men 
sprang after him over the wall. They advanced but a few paces when they were shot 
down ; Armistead mortally, and Martin seriously wounded. General Armistead sur- 
rendered his sword and pistols to Captain Banes/* of General Webb's staff, who directed 
him to be carried to the rear. He was soon after met by Captain Bingham, of General 
Hancock's staff, just returning from having a wound dressed at the hospital. Seeing the 
prisoner to be an officer of rank, and evidently suffering and nearly exhausted, he proffered 
his assistance. General Armistead gave his watch and spurs to Captain Bingham, 
requesting him to send them to his friends through General Hancock." (^See Painting.) 

To the right of the central group *• ^^ is seen the figure of Major-General George 
G. Meade,"*' the commander-in-chief of the Army of the Potomac, accompanied by his son, 
and 1st Lieutenant R. E. McKenzie.** When the assault began he was at Major-General 
Slocum's headquarters, on Power's Hill, a half mile tcTthe rear, near Culp's Hill, but 
reached this position on the field as it was repulsed." Major Mitchell,^" aid-de-camp to 
Major-General Hancock, met him,'^and reported that officer seriously wounded. He also 
bore a report of the state of the engagement from General Hancock. 

a. 69th,'** 71st, *9 yad,^ and io6th Pennsylvania volunteers. The latter regiment, except one com- 
pany, was ordered to report to Major-General Howard at the Cemetery, on the night of the 2d, where it 
remained until the close of the battle. 

h. 7th Michigan,"'-* 19th and 20th Massachusetts,''' ^ 42d and 59th New York volunteers.''''' *" 

c. I learned the full particulars of this assault from Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. Martin, while he was 
lying wounded in the hospital at Gettysburg, including the movements of General Armistead with whom he 
advanced engaged in conversation, from Seminary Ridge. From Captain Banes of General Webb's staff, I 
gathered the particulars of his surrender. Captain Banes received his sword and pistols (which had not been 
fired), and sent him to the rear of the line, where he was met by Captain Henry H. Bingham, judge-ad- 
vocate, on General Hancock's staff. From Captain Bingham, I derived full particulars of his interview 
with General Armistead. After receiving the valuables which General Armistead wished to send to his 
family and a private message, he directed him to be taken to a hospital in the rear. I subsequently met D. 
G. Brinton, surgeon, in charge of the 2d division, llth corps' hospital, who dressed his wounds. Doctor 
Brinton said he was very much depressed in spirits, though neither of his wounds were mortal ; one being 
in the leg below the knee, and the other, a flesh-wound in the arm ; notwithstanding which he died two days 
afterward. 

d. General Webb's letter, and also Major-General Meade's letter. 

e. See Major-General Meade's letter, in the Appendix. 
/. Major Mitchell's letter, in the Appendix. 



HANCOCK AND GIBBON. 21 

General Hancock was with Caldwell's division, -'' at the extren-ie left of his line, 
when the cannonade began. He rode during this terrible firing along his entire front 
to Woodruff's battery ^^" on his right. He knew with the instinct of a true soldier what 
was to follow the bombardment, and he exhorted his officers and men to be in readiness 
to resist the grand assault. Returning toward the left, while passing the right of the 14th 
Vermont volunteers,'" of Stannard's brigade, he received a serious wound. He is seen*^ 
in the painting falling from his horse near the left of Stannard's works." He was caught 
in the arms of Lieutenants Hooker and Benedict, of General Stannard's staff;'' and 
General Stannard ''^ himself, with admirable dexterity, stanched the blood from the terrible 
wound in the groin, or otherwise he would have soon bled to death,'' as the surgeons 
were of course in the rear, and one could not for some time be found. But Gen- 
eral Hancock peremptorily refused to be taken from the field until the contest was decided. 

General Gibbon was seriously wounded in the arm about the same time that Hancock 
fell.'' He was in front of the 19th Maine volunteers,''^ of Harrow's brigade, when he 
was shot, attempting to wheel those troops out of the line to deliver a flank fire on 
Pickett's column. He was taken from the field by Captain Wessells of his staff. ■*^' 

Webb's brigade is represented immediately in advance of General Meade.** It had 
been in position at the stone wall ^* in its front, its left, the 69th Pennsylvania volun- 
teers,^* resting opposite the copse of trees M, the Hne extending to the right along the 
stone, wall to the angle, ''^ with two companies of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers^"' at a 
wall, which is retired fifty yards from the right of the advanced line. The 7 2d Pennsyl- 
vania volunteers**^ lay in a second line to the right and rear of the copse M. The guns of 
Cushing's battery were at first in position*" on the crest between Webb's two lines, 
where Cushing wa-s severely wounded, but refused to leave the field. When Pickett 
advanced, he ran three of his pieces down to the wall where they are seen *- in the 
painting, and with double- shotted guns swept his front with canister, opening great gaps 
in the ranks of the attacking lines. While directing their fire he was shot in the mouth 
and instantly killed. Some of his men bore his body to the rear, as seen in the 
painting.'" 

Pickett's column, after it had been turned aside from its attack on Stannard's 
brigade, fell on Webb's brigade. 

General Webb, seeing the necessity for re-enforcements, had meantime hurried back to 
the 72d Pennsylvania volunteers,*^ in his second line, to bring them into action ; but the 
Confederates had advanced with the impetuosity of the whirlwind. In a moment the center 
of Webb's front line, held by a portion of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers,*^ was swept 
from its position at the wall,^ which was instantly seized by the assailants, though the 
blackened clothes of many of the dead showed that a portion at least of the regiment had 
remained until pushed from their position by sheer force of numbers. The importance 
of the admirable disposition of the two right companies ^^ of the 7 1 st Pennsylvania volun- 
teers was now apparent. From their retired position, lying securely protected behind a 
stone wall within point-blank range, they, with the left of Hays' division,-*-^"^'^"- opened 
a deadly cross-fire, effectually preventing an approach upon their works. All attempts of 
General Webb, assisted by the remaining officers of the regiment and by his adjutant-general, 

a. Hancock's report. Spot located on the field by General Hancock. 

^. Stannard's report. 

c. Private letters of Lieutenant Benedict of General Stannard's staff. 

d. Gibbon's report. 

e. Verbal statement of General Gibbon. 



22 GETTYSBURG i:)ESCRl PTI V E KEY. 

Captain Banes/* Lieutenant Haskell"- of General Gibhon's staff, and Captain Parker''' 
of General Hancock's staff, to bring forward the second line failed. Colonel Baxter, 
of the yad Pennsylvania, had been badly wounded the previous evening, and the regiment 
had suffered severely in officers and men during the cannonade ; they opened, however, 
a heavy fire of musketry from the crest, which contributed very materially to the repulse 
of the attack. Failing to secure the advance of the 7 2d, General Webb hurried again to the 
69th Pennsylvania volunteers,'** which he found still fighting manfully, and holding its' 
own on the left, although numbers of Confederates had already gained the copse of trees 
in their rear. This regiment lost heavily in officers and men; Colonel O'Kane and Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel ScHUDY were killed and Major Duffy was wounded. 

Colonel Hall's brigade is represented massing on General Webb's left; its gallant 
leader can be seen directing its movements."" It had been formed on a prolongation 
of Webb's lines, with three regiments in the front line, protected by a slight work 
of earth and rails, and two in the second line, on the left of Rorty's battery, "'^ 
which occupied the crest ; Brown's battery ^^ had been in position between Rorty's and 
Cushing's.*' ' 

As General Hancock rode in front of the 19th Massachusetts, which, with the 42d 
New York volunteers, formed Hall's second line. Colonel Devereux of the former 
regiment went to him and asked permission to move up and engage the troops then 
advancing on Webb. Receiving permission to do so,'' these two regiments "'' '■' hurried to 
Webb's relief, as seen in the painting, passing in rear of the copse of trees M; and imme- 
diately afterward Colonel Hall ordered the 7th Michigan"'' and 20th Massachusetts'^'^ to 
"break from their right to the rear " and move rapidly to the same place, which was done 
with remarkable promptness, during which Lieutenant-Colonel Steele, commanding the 
7th Michigan, was killed. The 59th New York volunteers''' remained at the works in 
the front line,'' and Harrow's brigade, with the 20th New York S. M.,-'^' and the 151st 
Pennsylvania volunteers'"''' followed the course of Hall's regiments, and charged up to the 
trees, the two latter regiments passing in front of them. During this movement regi- 
mental organizations were completely lost ; the colors were pushed indiscriminately to the 
front followed by the enthusastic men."" The 13th and 1 6th Vermont volunteers, of 
Stannard's brigade, moved to their right, " changed front forward," and opened fire on 
Pickett's right flank.''-' ''■'• 

Harrow's brigade, composed of the 82d New York,''''^ 19th Maine,''^ 15th Massa- 
chusetts,"^ and 1st Minnesota volunteers,"" occupied a position on the left of Hall's 
frontline, with the 20th New York S. M.,''''' and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers'"'* 
(of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. General Rowley) on its left ; in the painting all 



a. The above account has been abstracted from General 'Webb's report, and a private letter in my 
possession written by him to his wife two days after the battle, the whole arrangement having been made 
on the canvas, at my request, by General Webb, assisted by several members of his staff; the painting being 
finished by his approval after revisiting the field at Gettysburg. 

^. I have in my possession a diagram drawn by Colonel Hall, showing the positions of his regi 
ments, and previous to his death he visited Mr. Walker's studio, and with other officers of his command, 
superintended their arrangement on the painting. 

c. General Hancock's report. This movement was fully explained on the field at Gettysburg, in the 
summer of 1869, by General Webb, Colonels Devereux and Baxter, Captain Banes, and many other officers 
of rank engaged in the immediate vicinity. 

t/. Statement of Colonel Hall. — See Colonel Macy's letter, also report of 59th New York volun- 
teers. 

e. See reports of General Harrow, and also reports of i 5rh Massrchusetts, 1st Minnesota volunteers, 
20th New York State militia, and 151st Pennsylvania volunteer . 



FLANK ATTACK ON THE LEFT. 



23 



of these troops are seen moving up to Webb's support." The position occupied by Brown's 
battery B, ist Rhode Island/'' has been vacated/' but Rorty's battery B, 1st New York,'*^ 
is represented at the left and rear of Harrow's brigade. Still further to the left is Thomas' 
battery C, 4th U. S.,-" and McGilvery's brigade of reserve artillery-'^ ( i st brigade), 
composed of Thompson's G and F, Pennsylvania (independent), Phillips' 5th Massachu- 
setts, Hart's 15th New York (independent), Sterling's 1st Connecticut, Cooper's B, 
1st Pennsylvania, Dovv's 6th Maine, and Ames' G, New York, batteries ;" while further 
yet is the 5th corps artillery, under its chief. Captain Martin, of which Rittenhouse's 
battery D, 5th U. S.,'''' is engaged'' on Little Round Top B.° 

Stannard's brigade is represented immediately over and in front of Harrow's 
brigade, and at right angles to it ; the right of its line, the 13th Vermont volunteers,''- has 
ceased firing to allow prisoners to pass to the rear. It had been in position fifty yards 
in advance of Harrow's left, and lay along a slight earthwork with one- regiment ^^ to 
the left of the clump of trees, where it remained when the others moved. The right of 
Longstreet's column of attack was aimed toward this brigade, and continued to advance 
until it reached the flat ground in its front, when receiving a sweeping flank fire from 
McGilvery's brigade of artillery,-"' and possibly discovering the formidable front pre- 
sented by Stannard's brigade, supported by the balance of Doubleday's division^" in 
its rear, it veered off to the Union right, and advanced upon Webb's brigade.'' Imme- 
diately Stannard's whole brigade rose from its works and poured a murderous fire upon 
Pickett's right flank.'' 

Arnold's battery A, ist Rhode Island,""' had been in position on the crest at the 
right of CusHiNc's battery A, 4th U. S.,*' but having been seriously disabled, it is 
represented "'^ retiring from the field, drawn ofi^by the men.' 

On the right of this battery lay Hays' command, 3d division, zd corps. The 2d 
brigade, Smyth's, composed of the 14th Connecticut,"''' 1st Delaware, ^"^ 12th New 
Jersey,^"- and io8th New York volunteers, ^"'^ was at the stone wall ; and the loth New 
York volunteers acting as provost guard ; and to its right was the 3d brigade, Sher- 
rill's,-'' composed of the 125th,"'--'' 1 1 ith, "'■'■'' I26th,^''^ and 39th New York volun- 
teers,^"'' with its left overlapping Smyth, and its right extending beyond* Bryan's 
house W. General Hays,"'" stripped to the shirt, is seen bringing up and fighting his 
troops.' Colonel Smyth "'* was wounded by an exploding shell, as shown near Bryan's 
house. Beyond the house in the grove. Colonel Sherrill "'® is being borne, mortally 
wounded, from the field." 

a. Generals Gibbon's and Harrow's reports. 

b. Captain Hazard's report. 

c. General Hunt's and Major McGilvery's reports. 

d. General Hunt's and Captain Martin's reports. 

e. Lieutenant Hazlett, commander ot this battery, was killed the evening before. 

f. Major McGilvery's report ; report of Scales' brigade ; General Lane's report. 

g. General Newton's report ; General Stannard's report ; Colonel Gates' report (20th New York 
State militia). 

h. " "The I2th and 15th Vermont volunteers of this brigade were detached at Emmettsburg by order of 
Major-General Reynolds to guard the corps train." Lieutenant Benedict, aid-de-camp to General 
Stannard. 

z. General Hunt's and Captain Hazard's reports. 

/. When the battle commenced this brigade was commanded by Colonel Wii.lard, r25th New York 
volunteers, who was killed on the evening of the 2d. After the death of Colonel Sherrill it was commanded 
by Colonel McDougai l, llith New York volunteers, who was wounded, and the command fell on Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Bull, l26ch New York volunteers. 

k. See reports of General Hays, also reports of I nth and 126th New York volunteers. 

/. Statements of Captain Wm. C. Saville of Colonel Smyth's staft. 

ni. General Hays' report and verbal statements of subordinate officers. 



24 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Immediately in front of Hays' division, and at right angles to it, is the 8th Ohio 
volunteers '•*** of Carroll's brigade." It had been on the skirmish line with its reserves 
on the Emmettsburg road. When Pettigrew advanced on its left. Colonel Sawyer, 
instead of falling back, *' changed front forward on left company," and opened fire.* 

Woodruff's battery I, ist U. S.,"" was engaged in the grove at the right of Bryan's 
house W. Its commander, after having won the encomiums of his superiors for the gal- 
lantry and efficiency with which he served his guns, was, at the moment of victory," 
stricken down "^ in death. 

On the right. General Robinson ^'^ is seen moving his command, 2d division, 2d 
corps, up to the support of General Hays,'' Colonel Coulter's brigade ^^" '^ having the 
advance, followed by General Baxter's brigade.^'' -^ General Howard ^^'■' ordered this 
movement to be covered by Smyth's brigade,"''^ which opened a brisk fire of musketry. 

At the same time the skirmish line of General Schurz's ^-''"'^ division (3d), i ith corps, 
nobly engaged the sharpshooters of Rodes' division in the edge of the town.* 

The artillery on Cemetery Hill Z, under Major Osborne,'" chief of artillery of the 
I Ith corps, is seen on the right of the picture, pouring volleys of canister into the flank 
of the assaulting column.' 

Prominent in the right foreground is Wheeler's New York battery/"' which is going 
to the front, two guns having already opened. ■*' 

A large number of prisoners are seen '"' coming in immediately on Wheeler's right,* 
beyond which two guns ofWiER's battery'-^ C, 5th U. S., under Sergeant Trevor, 
are going into position.' 

Colonel Morgan,"" chief of General Hancock's staff, has brought up Martin's"** 
(F, 5th U. S.) and Butler's'-^ (G, 2d U. S.) regular batteries from the 6th corps 
artillery."* 

Colonel Tompkins,'-^ chief of the 6th corps artillery, with the remaining batteries 
led by McCartney's Massachusetts,'-'^ is on the Taneytown road Y (at the right of the 
painting), directing the relief of batteries on Cemetery Hill." 

Captain Hazard,"*^ chief of the 2d corps artillery, the mounted officer in the center 
of the left foreground, is directing Captain Cowan '^' where to place the battery ^*' 
which he has brought up to his assistance. 

The spirited figure going to the front beyond Lieutenant Cushing '" is Captain Far- 
RELL,"* Company C, ist Minnesota volunteers. He commanded the division provost guard 

a. 1st brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, composed of the 4th and 8lh Ohio, 7th Virginia (Union), and 
14th Indiana volunteers. Colonel Carroll was ordered to report to Major-General Howard on the evening 
of the 2d with three regiments, where he remained until the close of the battle. 

d. Reports of Colonel Sawyer, 8th Ohio volunteers, and General Lane, North Carolina brigade. See 
Appendix. 

c. Captain Hazard's report. See Appendix. t/. See General Newton's report. 

e. 1st brigade. Coulter's, was composed of the 107th Pennsylvania, 94th and 104th New York, i6th 
Maine, and 13th Massachusetts volunteers. 

f. 2d brigade, Baxter's, was composed of the 97th and 83d New York, 12th Massachusetts and 8J:h 
and 90th Pennsylvania volunteers. Positions and explanations given by Generals Robinson and Coulter, on 
the field at Gettysburg. 

^. 2d brigade, 2d division, iith corps, ^'''' composed of the 55th and 73d Ohio, 136th New York and 
33d Massachusetts volunteers, of Steinwehr's^-" (2d) division, I ith corps. The 33d Massachusetts volun- 
teers were detached from the brigade, and were in position on the right of the corps. 

A. Reports of General Schurz and General Rodes. 

i. Reports of Generals Howard and Steinwehr and Major Osborne. 

J. See General Webb's report. /•. See General Meade's letter. 

/. See General Hunt's report. Statement of General Webb and Captain H.'^zard. 

m. See Colonel Morgan's letter. Statement of Lieutenant Butler. 

//. Statement of Colonel Tompkins. See Colonel Morgan's letter. 



LEFT FOREGROUND. 



25 



which had been deployed in rear of the line. When the front line was penetrated he 
assembled his men (those wearing hats'-' "' in rear of Webb's and Hall's brigades), and 
led them into the breach. He was killed, and a large proportion of his men were killed 
or wounded." 

To the left of General Webb ^^ is seen General Hunt,''' chief of artillery of the Army 
of the Potomac. His horse was killed at that point ; and, after extricating himself, he 
went into the engagement with his revolvers.'' 

In the left foreground of the painting. Cowan's New York (independent) battery^'-* 
is represented going into position, to the left of which is Brown's battery, B, 1st Rhode 
Island,*^" coming out, having exhausted its ammunition. 

Immediately over this is the figure of General Gibbon, ^^ passing wounded to the rear, 
one of his staff officers is seen conveying the division colors^ to General Harrow.'*'' 

At the extreme left, Fitzhugh's battery, K, ist New York, is going to the front,* and 
over and beyond this, Major-General Birney," commanding 3d corps, and Brigadier- 
General Ward,'* commanding his ist division, are represented. In their rear are three 
regiments** (the 3d Maine, 20th Indiana, and 99th Pennsylvania) of Ward's brigade, 
sent to the support of General Webb.-'' Colonel Berdan," their brigade commander, is 
moving up in their front.* The infantry represented on this part of the field was held 
in reserve, and was not actively engaged in the repulse of the assaulting columns, though 
it suffered severely from the cannonade. 

Major-General Newton,^*' commanding ist corps, and Major-General Doubleday,^'^ 
commanding his 3d division, with their staff officers, are immediately beyond General 
Birney.^ The brigade commanders of this division are in the vicinity.'' Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Rowley, ^^ of the first brigade,' is represented to their right ; and over him. Colonel 
Dana,' commanding the 2d brigade ;■' while to the right and front of Rowley is General 
Harrow and staff,** ist brigade, 2d division, 2d corps, to whom the colors of the 2d 
division are being borne.'' 

On the next ridge beyond and to the left of Colonel Dana ^ are Colonels De Trobriand 
and Madill,^^ commanding the 3d* and 1st' brigades, 1st division, 3d corps. Moving 
up in the rear of these troops is Parsons' battery, A,^''"'' Ist New Jersey, which, with K, 
1st New York,^ were brought up by Captain Fitzhugh.'" 

a. Colonel Colville's letter. 

d. 1 visited the field with General Hunt, and, at my request, he pointed out the spot where his horse 
was shot. See Captain Cowan's letter. 

c. General Hunt's and Captain Haz.^rd's reports. 

d. Statement of General Gibbon. 

e. Fitzhugh's report. 

y. Major-General Birney's letter : — 

" Three of my regiments, 3d Maine, 99th Pennsylvania and ■20th Indiana volunteers, were sent to support Gen- 
eral Webb. General J. H. Hobart Ward commanded my 1st division, and Colonels H. J. Madill, H. Berdan, 
and Regis de Trobriand commanded his three brigades. 

Signed D. B. Birnev, 

Major General commanding 3d corps." 

g-. 2d brigade, ist division, 3d corps, 3d and 4th Maine, 20th Indiana, 86th and 124th New York, and 
99th Pennsylvania volunteers, and the ist and 2d regiments U. S. sharpshooters. 

A. For a detailed account of the formation of this part of the line, see General Newton's report. The 
1st division, ist corps, General Wadsworth, was on Culp's Hill, and is not seen on this painting. 

/'. I2ist, I42d, and 151st Pennsylvania volunteers and the 20th New York S. M.^' 
J. 143d, 149th, and 150th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

i. 3d and 5th Michigan, 17th Maine, 40th New York, and iioth Pennsylvania. I'' 

/. 57th, 63d, 68th, 105th, and 141st Pennsylvania volunteers. '•' 

m. Parsons' and Fitzhugh's reports. 



l6 GETTYSBURG DESCRH^TIVE KEY. 

Further to the left, and near the extreme left of the painting, Brigadier-General 
EusTis'- has just moved up with his command ; 2d brigade," 3d division, 6th corps. 

Beyond, and to the left of Eustis, is General Shaler " with the 1st brigade,'' 3d 
division, 6th corps/ 

To the right of Shaler,^^ and on the same parallel, is Brigadier-General Carr,^''"'' and 
his staff, commanding ist brigade,'' 2d division, 3d corps. 

Immediately beyond Carr is his superior officer, Major-General Humphreys,-'" com- 
manding 2d division, 3d corps. Of General Humphreys' other brigade commanders. 
Colonel Brewster,-^ commanding 2d brigade," is seen immediately to the right, while 
Colonel BuRLiNG,^^ commanding 3d brigade,-'' is to the left and on the next ridge." 

Directly to the right of Burling,^'* and in front of the grove, is represented Brigadier- 
General Caldwell,^^ commanding ist division, 2d corps, with his four brigade command- 
ers : Colonels Frazer,-- 3d brigade ;'* McKeene,-''^ 1st brigade ;' Kelly,-"-'' 2d brigade;' 
and Brooke,-* 4th brigade.'*' Major McGilvery, commanding 1st brigade artillery re- 
serve, is with the artillery -'"' at Caldwell's right, and in the open field beyond are shown, 
from left to right, Brigadier-General Torbert,-* ist brigade,' ist division, 6th corps, and 
Brigadier-General Wright,"' 1st division, 6th corps, with their staff officers. Immedi- 
ately to the right of these groups, and in front of the grove, is Brigadier-General Barnes,'*' 
commanding ist division, 5th corps ; Colonel Sweitzer,"'' commanding his 2d brigade,™ 
and Colonel Rice,'^' commanding his 3d brigade." A half mile to the right of these, near 
the wheat field G, lay McCandless' brigade,'^'" of Crawford's division, of Pennsvlvania 
Reserves, 3d division, 5th corps ; while midway between, and in front of Little Round 

a. 2d Rhode Island, yth, loth, and 37th Massachusetts volunteers. ^- 

b. ^5th, 67th, and I22d New York, 23d and 82d Pennsylvania volunteers. ^^ ' 

c. See General Sedgwick's report. 

(/. 1st, llth, and l6th Massachusetts, lith New Jersey, 12th New Hampshire, and 26th Pennsvlvania 
volunteers.^'-''' 

e. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th Excelsior and 120th New York volunteers. -^ 

f. 2d New Hampshire, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th New Jersey, and 115th Pennsylvania volunteers. 1-' 

g. Extract from General Humphreys' report : — 

" My division was moved rapidly to the right and formed in mass (20) in rear and support of the left of the -d 
corps (^Caluwell's division) (^3), * « * several batteries being in position in my front." (-(>) 

Extract from private letter : — 

" I have placed the position of each of my brigades in pencil on the map. that is the position they occupied on 
tlie afternoon of July :J. My first brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General J. B. Cark i_19-b). My second by 
Colonel William R. Brewstek (21), and my third by Colonel George C Burling (I'll. 

A. A. Humphreys, Major-General United States Volunteers, 

Commanding second division, third corps ' 

//. 5 2d, 57th, and 66th New York and 140th Pennsylvania volunteers. -- 

i. 5th New Hampshire, 6ist New York, 8 ist and 148th Pennsylvania volunteers.-' 
J. 28th Massachusetts, 63d, 69th, and 88th New York (consolidated), and the Il6th Pennsylvania 
volunteers. -•^''■ 

/■. 2d Delaware, 27th Connecticut, 64th New York, 53d and 145th Pennsylvania volunteers.-^ 

The positions of Caldwell's four brigades were given me by each of its brigade commanders, corrobo- 
rated by General Caldwell while visiting the Army of the Potomac. The three last lay at the works 
between the guns of McGilvery's artillery ; '-■> the other (Colonel Frazer's) '-"- lay behind an old stone wall 
in the second line. The whole arrangement was subsequently pointed out and explained to me on the field by 
Colonel Brooke.-'* 

/. 1st, 2d, 3d, and 15th New Jersey volunteers.-^ 

tn. 4th Michigan, 62d Pennsylvania, 9th and 3 2d Massachusetts volunteers. -"i The 9th Massachusetts 
was detached from the brigade and lay on Round Top [). 

;/. 1 6th Michigan, 44th New York, 83d Pennsylvania, and 20th Maine volunteers.''^ Colonel Vincent 
had been killed the evening previous. 

o. 1st, 2d, and 6th regiments of Pennsvlvania Reserves, and the ist Rifles. (The I ith Regiment of 
"Reserves" was temporarily attached to this brigade.) Position pointed out on the field by General 
McCandless, and all of his regimental commanders. Se? General Crawford's report. 



POSITION OF TROOPS ON THE LEFT. 27 

Top B, was Brigadier-General Wheaton's'" headquarters, 3d division, 6th corps, with 
Brigadier- General Bartlett's •"■•■'" and Colonel Nevins' *"'' brigades of his division. The 
formation of the ground did not admit of representing on the paintirg the headquarters 
and troops of these commands, or those to the left of this part of the line; but their 
locality is indicated on the Kty. The line from this point was continuous to the summit 
of Round Top D, passing over Little Round Top B. From there it was refused to the 
left nearly a mile, crossing the Taneytown road A, and may be indicated on the paint- 
ing by the line of forest to the left of Round Top. The headquarters of Major-Gen- 
eral Sykes,-" commanding 5th corps, and Major- General Sedgwick,-"-' commanding 
the 6th corps, were together -■' in rear of the posterior slope of Little Round Top B, 
and beyond the grove, which separated them from General Torbert's headquarters.-"''' 
Brigadier- General Ayres,"- commanding 2d division, 5th corps, held Little Round Top 
B. Colonel Garrard,'*' commanding his 3d brigade'^ (Weed's) had the front line, 
while the two brigades of regulars, the ist,"" commanded by Colonel Day,"-"" and the 
2d •'by Colonel Burbank,"-"^ lay in the second line.'' In the vallev beyond were two 
regiments'' of Colonel Tilton's brigade (ist brigade, ist division, 5th corps), followed 
by two regiments ' of Colonel Fisher's brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves, 3d brigade, 3d 
division, 5 th corps. Beyond these was the Ninth Massachusetts volunteers.-'' This 
regiment had been deployed as skirmishers on the extreme right of the armv, on the 
morning of the 2d, and their brigade changed position and they became separated 
from it. Next, connecting on its left, and extending up Round Top proper, were the 
two remaining regiments* of Tilton's brigade. ■■'•' And on their left, terminating on the 
summit of the mountain, were the two remaining regiments of Colonel Fisher's brigade 
of " Reserves."'*' Two 6th corps brigades under General Wright formed the 
crotchet retiring from Round Top to the left and rear across the Taneytown road 
A. Colonel Grant commanded the right, 2d brigade, ''"'" 2d division, 6th corps, 
and General Russell, ^^ the left, 3d brigade," ist division, 6th corps." These troops 
were at no time actively engaged. This was the extreme left of the infantrv force of the 
army. Barnes' battery, C,^*^ ist New York, and Martin's battery, C,^" Massachu- 
setts, were ordered on the 3d by Captain Martin, chief of the 5th corps artillery, to 
report to General Wright,'' and were in position in the rear of Round Top. Gen- 

a. 2d brigade, composed of the 5th Maine, 121st New York, 95th and 96th Pennsylvania volun- 
teers.*^ 

h. 3d brigade, 62d New York, 93d, 98th, lo2d, and 139th Pennsylvania volunteers.""' 

c. Pointed out on the field by Major-General Sykes, and his adjutant-general, Brevet Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Locke. 

d. 91st and 155th Pennsylvania, 140th and 146th New York volunteers.-'''' General Weed was killed 
the day before. Colonel Garrard's report. 

e. 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 14th infantry. '•--* 
/. 2d, 7th, 10th, nth, and I 7th infantry .•'•--'■ 
g. E.xplained on the field by General Ayres. 

h. I 8th and 22d Massachusetts volunteers. Positions pointed out on the field by Colonel Tilton. 

i. 9th and loth Pennsylvania " Reserves." See General Crawford's report. 

J. 2d brigade (Sweitzer's), 1st division, 5th corps. 

k. 118th Pennsylvania and ist Michigan volunteers.'"'^ 

/. 5th and I2th Pennsylvania " Reserves."''*'^ Crawford's report. 

7n. 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Vermont volunteers. -''^ 

n. 5th Wisconsin, 6th Maine, 49th and 119th Pennsylvania volunteers.^-'' 

o. General Sedgwick's report. Verbal explanation by Colonel Grant and General Russell. 

p. There were two brigades at this point. One (Grant's) from Howe's 1** division, and one (Russell's) 
from Wright's division. General Howe remained with the troops all the time, though General Wright 
was the ranking officer, and in command. 



2>8 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE fCEY. 

eral Kilpatrick/' with Farnsworth's ""'" and Mf.rritt's •''"' '' brigades of cavalry, qcrom- 
panied by Elder's'*^ and Graham's'""' batteries of horse artillery, were beyond and to the 
front of Round Top. General Custer's brigade was engaged with General Gregg's 
division on the right wing of the army. 

a. 1st Vermont, ist West Virginia (Union), 5th New York, and 18 Pennsylvania, and one squadron 
1st Ohio volunteer cavalry.'"' General Farnsvvurth made a very gallant charge with ist Vermont and 1st 
West Virginia cavalry, during which he was killed. 

b. 1st, 2d, and 5th U.S. regulars and 6th Pennsylvania cavalry. ''•' General Kilpatrick's report. 
I also spent several days with this command at Stevensburg, Va., in the winter of 1863-64, deriving from its 
officers the fullest details, which fully corroborated statements of Confederate officers given me in the hospital 
at Gettysburg. 



/iO-^^Z^ ^!^/^^ /^T ^ A-'/u^ 












cs«/'*^ Orpi} 



T'he Compiler s Statement, 

It will probably interest some who view the painting of the Battle ot Gettysburg to 
know upon what authority it was compiled, and what facilities I had which will justify me 
in presuming to publish it as an historical representation of that important battle. 

At the commencement of the war I determined to attach myself to the army and wait 
for the great battle which would naturally decide the contest ; study its topography on the 
field, and learn its details from the actors themselves, and eventually prepare its written 
and illustrated history. I joined the army for that purpose immediately after the evacua- 
tion of Yorktown, was with it at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, through the seven days' 
fights, and at Harrison's Landing ; and before leaving it I made arrangements with officers 
of rank to give me early intelligence of any important movements looking to a decisive 
engagement. Gettysburg was that engagement. 

When I arrived at Gettysburg the debris of that great battle lay scattered for miles 
around. Fresh mounds of earth marked the resting-place of the fallen thousands, and 
many of the dead lay yet unburied. It therefore required no guide to point out the locality 
of the battle. I determined to make an isometricu I drawing of the field. 

As the term Jicld, when applied to a battle, is generally used figuratively, and, by 
the general reader, might be misunderstood, it is well to consider, at the start, that the 
battle Jield of Gettysburg not only embraces within its boundaries many fields, but 
forests as well, and even the town of Gettysburg itself is included within its limits. The 
formation of the ground and the positions of the troops favored the plan of sketching 
the field while facing the west. Consequently the top of my Drawing of it is west ; 
the right hand, north ; the left, south, etc. There was no point from which the whole 
field could be sketched, nor would such a position have favored this branch of art. On 
the contrary, it was necessary to sketch from every part of it, combining the whole into 
one grand view, which accounts for the fact that every participant in that battle will 
readily discover on the drawing the exact locality of his engagement, and the movements 
of his command can be as readily traced. 

Having located its boundaries, I commenced at the southeast corner, and gradually 
moving toward the north, I looked toward the zvest, and sketched the landscape carefully, 
as far as the vision extended, including fields, forests, houses, barns, hills, and valleys ; 
and every object, however minute, which could influence the result of a battle. Thus I 
continued to the northeast boundary, a distance of five and a half miles. The next day 
I resumed my work at the south, having advanced to the point where my vision had been 
obstructed the preceding day, and sketched another breadth to the north, as before ; and 
so continued, day by day, until I had carried my drawing forward four and a half 
miles, which included within its limits the town of Gettysburg. When the battlefield had 
been isometrically drawn, I sketched the distance and added a sky. 

This drawing was the result of eighty-four days spent on the field immediately after 
the battle, during which time I sketched carefully the twenty-five square miles which it 
represents. 



30 



GETTYSBUR(; 



DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



I spent two months in hospital writing down the statements of Confederate prison- 
ers, and as they became convalescent, I went over the field with many of their officers, 
who located their positions and explained the movements of their commands during the 
battle. 

I then visited the Army of the Potomac, consulted with its commander-in-chief; 
corps, division, and brigade commanders ; and visited every regiment and battery engaged 
in the battle, to whose officers the sketch of the field was submitted, and they, after 
careful consultation, located upon it the positions of their respective commands. 

From the information thus obtained, I have traced the movements of every regime?it 
and battery from the commencement to the close of the engagement, and have located on 
the drawing its most important positions for each of the three davs. 

Since its publication I issued an invitation to the officers o'i the Army of the Potomac 
to visit Gettysburg with me, and point out their respective positions and movements, 
thus giving an opportunity to the actors in this great drama to correct any misapprehen- 
sion, and establish, while still fresh in memory, the facts and details of this most important 
battle of the age. This invitation was responded to by over one thousand officers engaged 
in the battle ; forty-six of whom were generals commanding. And it mav be interesting 
to those who possess the drawing, to know that but one solitary regiment was discovered 
to be out ot position on it. 




'^iytt^e^^ it/^-^oc O'^^i^*^ ^2^ /^ y^a^t^ 
/t^9^^ i^^l^^e^ -trta^^ ^i^£t/.^ .,a>**^^>^^i^se-,^i>^.>c^ <e^j^6/:-_ 

j> /i:£ot>u£> Ar-t>-z^ <^h^^' A^ . ^ ^,i^^.u< Ja. 




iZ-OU-o-f^ 



^U^^^. 



^a^^^z^^^c^. 



/^-5^ cy^ic^]-^,^>u//^,^ i 



The Painting, 



Mr. James Walker, the artist, who executed it, spent weeks at Gettysburg, tran- 
scribing the portraiture of the field to canvas, which was done in the most pleasing and 
lifelike manner. We received in this matter the kindest support and co-operation of the 
officers of the army engaged on that portion of the field. 

Many distinguished general officers, on my invitation, visited Gettysburg, and went 
over the field with us, and pointed out all the details of this great turning-point of the 
Rebellion ; each explaining the movements of their several commands. Among those pres- 
ent at different times were Generals Meade, Hancock, Gibbon, Howard, Double- 
day, Stannard, Hunt, Warren, Humphreys, Graham, Burling, De Trobriand, 
WisTAR, Dana, Webb, Baxter, Devereux, Bingham, Newton, Gates, Robinson, 
Coulter, Carr, McAllister, Madill, Sykes, Ayres, Crawford, Tilton, Sweitzer, 
Chamberlain, Slocum, Shaler, Meredith, Stone, Leonard, Steinwehr, Amsberg, 
Fowler, Kane, Greene, Geary, Selfridge, Williams, Gregg, and Martin, together 
with a large number of field, line, and staff officers. Most of these gentlemen have since 
kindly called at Mr. Walker's studio, and aided the work with their advice. Many 
others, who were unable to meet with us at Gettysburg, have, at considerable trouble, 
visited the studio in New York ; among them Generals Hall, Hazard, Sickles, Ward, 
Brewster, and Berdan, and General Wilcox, Colonel Harrison (General Pickett's 
adjutant-general), and Lieutentant-General Longstreet of the Confederate army; the 
latter taking great interest in the painting, and leaving me a fine letter indorsing its accu- 
racy. This painting was designed strictly in conformity to the directions of these gentle- 
men, given on the field for that purpose, and from the reports of the Confederate 
commanders, furnished to me by the government. 

This great representative battle-scene has not its equal in America, for correctness of 
design or accuracy of execution. Gibbon's and Hays' divisions and the corps artillery 
occupy the immediate foreground. It is on a canvas 7 "^A x 20 feet, and represents, 
not only every regiment engaged at that portion of the field, but where the formation 
of the ground would admit, the entire left wing is shown. It presents such an accurate 
and lifelike portrait of the country, that on it the engagements of the first and second 
days' operations can readily be traced. No important scene has been screened behind 
large foreground figures, or, for the want of a knowledge of the details, hidden by con- 
venient puffs of smoke ; but every feature of this gigantic struggle has, in its proper 
place, been woven into a symmetrical whole. 



C^'C^ J"^ /^Z^ 



^S:-**-"^ ^^-<- 






<?--=<. 






EXTRACTS FROM THE OFFICIAL REPORTS 



OF 



UNION AND CONFEDERATE 
COMMANDERS, 



Showing the Authority for and Correctness of the Location and Position 
OF Both Armies as Delineated in the Painting of the 



BATTLE of GETTYSBURG. 



Historically Designed by John B. Bachelder, 



AND Painted by James Walker. 



COMPILED, BY SPECIAL PERMISSION OF GENERAL U. S. GRANT, 



FROM THE CAPTURED ARCHIVES OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT, AS WELL AS 
FROM THE REPORTS AND LETTERS OF UNION OFFICERS. 



By JOHN B. BACHELDER, A. M., 

Author of the " Isometrical Drawing of the Gettysp.urg Battlefield, 
AND Government Historian for this Battle. 



MAJOR-GENERAL MEADE'S LETTER. 



Headquarters Military Division of the Atlantic, 
Philadelphia, Pa., December 4, 1869. 
John B. Bachelder, New York City: — 

Your letter of the 20th ult. was received, but my reply has been delayed, awaiting the return from the 
West of my son, who was with me on the occasion alluded to by you. On the 3d of July, 1863, when the 
enemy's batteries were opened, I was at the house on the Taneytown road occupied by me as headquarters. 
This house, as you are aware, was situated about three or four hundred yards in rear of the line of battle, and 
about the center of the enemy's converging lines of fire. Having around me a large number of officers and 
animals, exposed without any particular necessity to the very severe fire, the question of moving my head- 
quarters to a position less exposed was repeatedly brought to my notice ; but in view of the importance of my 
being where it was known I could be found, I felt compelled to decline listening to any appeals till near (as it 
afterward proved) the close of the bombardment, when being informed there was a signal officer on the hill 
on the Baltimore pike (occupied as headquarters by Major-General Slocum), who could communicate with 
the signal officer at the headquarters I was occupying, I ordered headquarters to be transferred to this hill. 
Prior to doing so, I moved over to a barn on the opposite side of the Taneytown road, which seemed to be 
out of the line of the heaviest fire, but which, on reaching, was as much exposed as the place I had left. On 
arriving at the hill selected, I at once went to the signal officer on the summit, and directed him to communi- 
cate my arrival to the officer I had left at the house. I then ascertained the signal officer at the hou«e had 
left there. 

As soon as I learned this, I returned immediately to my old headquarters. Owing to the change of po- 
sition, the difficulty of finding their horses, and ignorance of my movements from inability to follow me, I 
found, when returning, that I was separated from all my staff", having only a few orderlies with me. On my 
way back I met several of my staff dismounted ; among them, my son, who informed me his horse had been 
killed. I directed him to take the horse of one of the orderlies and follow me. The enemy's artillery fire 
ceasing, heavy musketry fire being heard, and I meeting many men moving to the rear, I was satisfied an as- 
sault was being made. I therefore, on reaching my old headquarters, rode straight up to the line of battle,^ " 
arriving there just as the large number of prisoners that came into our lines had crossed them, and were moving 
to the rear.l"'* I inquired of the first officer whom I met whether the assault had been repulsed, and received 
from him the reply that it had. This officer, my son (who by this time had rejoined me) tells me was Lieu- 
tenant John Egan, 1st regiment U. S. artillery, now captain of infantry. My son also informs me that I was 
at this moment accompanied by Lieutenant R. S. McKenzie, U. S. Engineers, acting on this day as aid-de- 
camp, and that I sent him (Lieutenant McKenzie) off with some orders. This fact had escaped my memory, 
as likewise the report which Major Mitchell, of General Hancock's staff, states he made to me, of the general's 
being wounded. There can be no question that the report was made as stated by Major Mitchell ; but I men- 
tion the two incidents to show that in the excitement of battle, no individual's memory unsupported by corrob- 
orative evidence is to be relied on, however honest or truthful the individual may be. The only officer I met 
whom I recognized was Captain Haskell, of Major-General Gibbon's staff. Finding the assault was repulsed, 
and hearing firing on Cemetery Hill, I rode over there, and after a short interview with Major-General How- 
ard, I returned to my old headquarters at the house, whence (being rejoined by the most ot my staff) I re- 
turned to the line of battle, crossed it, and rode down the front to Round Top, to confer with Major-General 
Sykes. I have always been under the impression that the contest was virtually closed when I reached the 
scene, although my horse was shot while there, with a musket-ball, and my son had his horse killed under 
him by a shell, the enemy reopening his batteries with great fury the moment the assaulting column was seen 
to give way. I did not myself see any of the assaulting columns, except, as previously mentioned, those who 
preferred coming into our lines to returning under the heavy artillery fire from both lines ; these I met just as 

a. The reference figures which follow do not appear in the original manuscript, but indicate such portions of 
it as relate to the composition of the painting, and refer the reader to the outline Key to it. 



UNION REPORTS. 



3S 



they passed into our lines, and rode through them as I approached the line of battle.^' '"'' Of the fact that I 
was only accompanied by two staff officers (my son, Lieutenant George Meade, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, aid- 
de-camp, and Lieutenant R. S. McKenzie, U. S. Engineers, acting aid-de-camp), there can be no question, as 
my memory on this point is confirmed by the recollection of my son. Hoping this letter will answer your 
purposes, I remain, very respectfully yours, 

George G. Meade, Major-General U. S. Army. 



UNION REPORTS. 



Extract from Major-General Hancock's Report. 

* * * Arriving at between two and three hundred yards, the troops of the enemy were met by a de- 
structive fire from the divisions of Gibbon and Hays, which they promptly returned, and the fight at once 
became fierce and general. In front of Hays' division it was not of very long duration j mowed down by 
canister from Woodruff's battery,!"^ by the fire of two ^S regiments judiciously posted by General Hays in his 
extreme front and right, and the fire of different lines in the rear, the enemy broke in disorder, leaving fifteen 
(15) colors, and nearly two thousand (2,000) prisoners ^'^ in the hands of this division. Those of the ene- 
my's troops which did not fall into disorder in front of the 3d division were mov'ed to their right, i*"" and 
re-enforced the line attacking Gibbon's division. The right of the attacking line having been repulsed by 
Hall's and Harrow's brigades, of the latter division, assisted by the fire of two Vermont regiments of Stannard's 
brigade, ''2>*''J doubled to its left, and also re-enforced the center, and thus the attack was in its fullest strength 
opposite the brigade of General Webb. This brigade was disposed in two lines. Two regiments of the 
brigade, the 69th Pennsylvania'* and the 71st Pennsylvania*^ volunteers, were behind a low stone wall''''* and 
slight breastwork hastily constructed by them ; the remainder of the brigade (72d Pennsylvania volunteers*') 
being behind the crest some sixty paces to the rear, and so disposed as to fire over the heads of those in 
front." When the enemy's line had nearly reached the stone wall, led by General Armistead, the most of 
that part of Webb's brigade posted here abandoned their position, but fortunately did not retreat entirely. 
They were immediately, by the personal bravery of General Webb ''^ and his officers, formed behind the crest 
before referred to, which was occupied by the remnant of the brigade. *"'>'^^ Emboldened by seeing this indi- 
cation of weakness, the enemy pushed forward more pertinaciously, numbers of them crossing over the breast- 
work S* abandoned by the troops. The fight here became very close and deadly. The enemy's battle-flags 
were soon seen waving on the stone wall.'^^ Passing at this time. Colonel Devereux, commanding the 19th 
Massachusetts volunteers,'^ anxious to be in the right place, applied to me for permission to move his regiment 
to the right and to the front, where the line had broken. I granted it, and his regiment, and Colonel Mallon's 
42d New York volunteers, '^3 on his right, proceeded there at once. But the enemy, having left Colonel 
Hall's front, as described before, this officer promptly moved his command*''"''''" by the right flank to still 
further re-enforce the position of General Webb, and was immediately followed by Harrow's brigade. ^•''^l' *"'■*' '"' 
The movement was executed, but not without confusion, owing to many men leaving their ranks to fire at 
the enemy from the breastworks. The situation was now very peculiar. The men of all the brigades had in 
some measure lost their regimental organization, but individually they were firm. The ambition of individual 
commanders to promptly cover the point penetrated by the enemy, the smoke of battle, and the intensity of 
the close engagement caused this confusion. The point, however, was now covered. In regular formation our 
line would have stood four ranks deep. The colors of the different regiments were now advanced, waving in 
defiance of the long line of battle-flags presented by the enemy. The men pressed firmly after them, under 
the energetic commands and examples of their officers, and, after a few moments of desperate fighting, the 
enemy were repulsed, threw down their arms, and found safety in flight, or by throwing themselves on the 
ground to escape our fire. The battle-flags were ours, and the victory was won. Gibbon's division secured 
twelve (12) stands of colors, and prisoners enough to swell the number captured by the corps to about torty- 
five hundred (4,500). * * * 

* * * I had the misfortune to lose the valuable services of Brigadier-General John Gibbon, commanding 
the 2d division, who was severely wounded. "i^ A short time afterward I was wounded ■*'■' myself, but was 
enabled to remain on the field until the action was entirely over. * * * 

a. The lOtHh Pennsylvania volunteers had been ordered to report to General Howard the evening before, one 
company only remaining with the brigade. 



36 



GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



Extract from Recort of Bricadier-General Hunt, commanding the Atillery 
OF THE Army of the Potomac. 

* * * On the left of the cemetery N the batteries of the zd corps were in line on the crest occupied by 
their corps in the following order from right to left : Woodruff's, I, 1st United States, six 12-pounders ;11" 
Arnold's, A, 1st Rhode Island, six 3-inch j^l>^ Cushing's, A, 4th United States, six 3-inch ;*" Brown's, B, 
1st Rhode Island, four 1 2-pounders j'*''^ and Rorty's, B, ist New York, four lo-pounders,*'' all under the 
command of Captain Hazard,'*' chief 2d corps artillery." Next on the left of the artillery of the 2d corps 
were stationed Thomas' battery, C, 4th United States, six 3-inch guns 5-^ and on his left ^ Major McGil- 
very's command, ^6 consisting of Thompson's, C and F, Pennsylvania, five 3-inch ; Phillips', 5th Massachur 
setts, six 3-inch ; Hart's, 15th New York (independent), four 12-pounders ; Sterling's, 2d Connecticut, 
four James rifles and two howitzers ; Rock's section, New Jersey, two 3-inch; Cooper's, B, 1st Pennsyl- 
vania, four 3-inch; Dow's, 6th Maine, four 12-pounders; Ames', G, 1st New York, six 12-pounders. 
On the extreme left, occupying the position of the day before, were Gibbs', L, 1st Ohio,''*^<^ and Rittenhouse's, 
D, 5th United States, six I o-pounders ''^^ (all under command of Captain Martin, chief of 5th corps artillery). 
Rittenhouse's battery was in excellent position for the service of his rifled guns. We had thus on the western 
crest line seventy-five guns, which could be aided by a few of those on Cemetery Hill. [See Major Osborne's 
Report, chief nth corps artillery.] * * * About 3 o'clock p. m., and soon after the enemy's fire had 
ceased, he formed a column of attack in the edge of the woods in front of the 2d corps. At this time, Fitz- 
hugh's,^ Parsons', I'^v^^-" Weir's,!"'' and Cowan' s^^ batteries reached this point, and were put in position in 
front of the advancing enemy. * * * The enemy advanced in three lines. When they came within 
range our canister fire and musketry were opened upon them, occasioning disorder ; but still they advanced 
gallantly until they reached the stone wall^ behind which our troops lay. Here ensued a desperate conflict, 
the enemy succeeding in passing the wall and entering our lines, causing great destruction of life, especially 
among the batteries. Infantry troops were, however, advanced from our right'* [and left],'' the rear of the 
enemy broke, and the others, who had fought with a gallantry that excited the admiration of our troops, 
found themselves cut off and compelled to surrender. As soon as their fate was evident, the enemy opened 
his batteries upon the masses of our troops at this point, without regard to the presence of his own. * * * 



Extract from Report of Brigadier-General Gibbon, commanding 2d Division, 

2D Corps. 

* * * At this time the enemy displayed his first line coming out of the woods, and preceded by a heavy 
line of skirmishers, which commenced immediately to push ours back. The line moved steadily to the front 
in a way to excite the admiration of every one, and was followed by a second and third, extending all along our 
front as far as the eye could reach. 

Our guns were run well forward, so as to give them a good sweep over the ground, loaded with canister, 
and the men warned to keep well under cover, and to reseve their fire until the enemy got well within range. 
As the front line came up it was met with such a withering fire of canister and musketry as soon melted it 
away ; but Still on they came from behind, pressing forward to the wall. By this time most of our artillery- 
men had fallen, and but an occasional cannon shot along the line interrupted the continuous rattle of musketry. 
The right of the enemy's line did not extend as far as the left of my division, and while urging forward some 
ot my left regiments to take his line in flank, I was wounded, and left the field.'*' 

The rest is told by the brigade reports. Webb's line of three small regiments was overwhelmed and driven 
back by the superior masses of the enemy ;83, ^9 but Hall's men, skillfully directed by himself," and the gallant 
Devereux, Mallon, and others, rushed to the rescue and fell upon his flank.'^'^i '1' ''•') '^■ 



a. The batteries on the south of the Baltimore turnpike, under Major Osborne, 12l' chief of 11th corps artillery, 
were Taft's, Bancroft's, Eakins', Edgell's, Hill's, and Dilger's. 

i. I find a memorandum in my notebook, made at the front, in the winter of 1863-64, that Daniels' 9th Michi- 
gan battery (horse artillery) was in position at this place. Captain Daniels' report is not sufificiently explicit to 
locate his position. It is known, however, that he reported to Major-General Newton, during the cannonade, and 
was placed in position by him on this front. 

c. The guns of this battery were of too short range to be effective on the charging column. — Ed. 

<i. Hall's, Harrow's, and Stannard's brigades. 



UNION REPORTS. ^ y 

Extract from Report of General Harrow, commanding ist Brigade, zd 

Division, 2D Corps. 

* * * At 3 p. M. his infantry columns moved from the woods one thousand yards distant, and steadily 
advanced to the assault. After crossing the Emmettsburg and Gettysburg road L in two lines, with supports 
upon the right and left, accommodating themselves, as far as possible, to the low grounds in front of the 
division, this movement brought them first in range of the guns of the 1st brigade. But the crest of the hill 
Ihj occupied by the right of Colonel Hall's brigade and the left of Webb's, seemed to be the point to which 
their main attack was directed. As their purpose became manifest, the 1st and 3d brigades of this division 
inclined to the right, engaging the enemy as they moved, the whole command meeting the shock from the 
enemy's heaviest lines and support near the crest of the ridge |Vl''''^i *'li*''*)''''i '''■•wli "-^ Here the contest raged 
with almost unparalleled ferocity. * * * 



Extract from Brigadier-General Webb's Report. 

* * * At three o'clock the enemy's line left the woods in our front, moved in perfect order across the 
Emmettsburg road L> formed in the hollow, in our immediate front, several lines of battle, under a fire of 
spherical case from our batteries, and advanced to the assault. The 71st Pennsylvania volunteers *' was 
advanced to the wall,*'* on the right of the 69th Pennsylvania volunteers.^* Three of Cushing's guns*- were 
run down to the wall, carrying with them their canister. The jiA Pennsylvania volunteers*' held the reserve 
under the crest of the hill. The enemy advanced steadily to the wall,*^ driving out a portion of the 71st 
Pennsylvania volunteers, *8 General Armistead passing over the fence with probably over one hundred of his 
command, and with several battle-flags. The 72d Pennsylvania volunteers ^ were ordered up to hold the 
crest, and advanced to within forty paces of the enemy's line. Colonel Smith, commanding the 71st Penn- 
sylvania volunteers, threw two companies^"" of his command behind the stone wall, on the right of Cushing,*" 
fifty paces retired from the point of attack. The 69th Pennsylvania volunteers,'* and the most of the 71st 
Pennsylvania volunteers, even after the enemy were in their rear, held their position. The 72d Pennsylvania 
volunteers *•'' fought steadily and persistently, but the enemy probably would have succeeded in piercing our lines 
had not Colonel Hall'^'' (commanding 3d brigade) advanced with several of his regiments to my support. 
Defeated — routed — the enemy fled in disorder. General Armistead ^'^ was left mortally wounded within my 
lines, and forty-two of the enemy who crossed the fence lay dead. * * * Lieutenant A. H. Cushing,'*" 4th 
United States artillery, fell mortally wounded at the fence by the side of his guns.*- Cool, brave, competent, 
he fought for an hour and a half after he had reported to me that he was wounded in both thighs. 



Extract from a Letter written by General Webb to his Family immediately 

after the Battle. 

* * * As they steadily advanced, I ordered my few guns to fire, and we opened great gaps in them ; but 
steadily they advanced in four solid lines — right on up to my works or fence, and shot my men when their 
muskets touched their breasts. Seeing two companies driven out, my artillery in their hands, I ordered up 
my reserve regiment, *•' and led it myself. ** General Armistead (an old army officer) led his men, came 
over my fence, and passed me with four of his men. He fell, mortally wounded. ^^^ I got hit, one shot 
grazing my thigh. * * * As soon as I got my right up to the wall, the enemy were whipped. When my 
men fell back I almost wished to get killed. I was almost disgraced. But Hall (colonel),''' on my left, saw 
it all and brought up his regiments to help me. Gibbon was wounded near me,'*l Hancock also.''^ General 
Meade himself rode up near me.**" * * * I killed forty-two rebels inside of the fence, besides General 
Armistead. 

A. S. Webb." 

a. College of the City of New York, 

New York City, Nov. 25, 18G9. 
Colonel John B. Bachelder, 5i) Beekman St., New York : — 

Sir, — Having been shown by you my official report of the battle of (lettysburg, and having been asked to state 
whether or not I had any corrections to make in the language of said report, I have to thank yuu for bringing to my 
notice the expressions used, and, as the result of careful investigation, I make the following changes in the extract 
which you publish : — 



38 



GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



Major Mitchkli.'s Lf.tter to General Hancock. 



HEADgUARTKRS MlLITAK/ DEPARTMENT, OFFICE ASSISTANT InSPECTOR-GeNERAL, 

Baltimore, Mn., January lo, 1866. 

General, — I have the honor to furnish you with th*- following statement concerning the verbal mes- 
sage which you directed me to deliver to Major-(}eneral Meade during the battle of Gettysburg, on the even- 
ing of July 3, 1863. 

I was directed to deliver the message herein referred to, to Genera. Meade when you were lyii:g on the 
ground wounded on the line of battle of the 2d army corps, a few moments after the enemy's grand assault had 
been repulsed, and when they were retreating in confusion from the field. The message was as follows : — 

"Tell General Meade that the troops under my command have repulsed the enemy's assault, and that 
we have gained a great victory. The enemy is now flying in all directions ir my tront." 

I delivered the message to General Meade on the field as he was riding up toward the crest of Cemetery 
Hill, a few moments after I received it, and also informed him that you were dangerously wounded.'"'' He 
replied as follows : — 

"Say to General Hancock that I regret exceedingly that he is wounded, and that I thank him tor the 
country and for myself for the service he has rendered to day." * * * 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 
(Signed) W. G. Mitchell, 

Brevet Brigadier-General Volunteers, 

Inspector-General M. M. Department. 

P. S. — The message from General Hancock, and the reply of General Meade above given, are taken 
from a wTitten memorandum made by me on the evening of the 3d of July, 1863. 



Extract from a Letter from Lieutenant Hamilton, Acting Adjutant 59TH 

New York Volunteers. 

* * * All the regiments on our left broke to the rear," and this ''" alone remained at the works. 
Captain McFadden commanded from the time Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas was killed (on the 2d) until after 
the fight was over. 

Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Macy, commanding 20th Massachusetts 
Volunteers (Extract). 

» * * The right of the 20th Massachusetts'^'^ rested on the 7th Michigan,''" and on the right of 
the 7th was the 59th New York volunteers.'"''' * * * In my opinion, the enemy had penetrated as far 
as the guns ^2 ^vhen I got my order from Colonel Hall (commanding brigade) to move my command upon 
the flank of the enemy, and "go at them." My order was brought to me by Captain Leach, and was this : 
" Colonel Hall directs that you move the 20th in rear of the line and attack the flank of the enemy as they 

Instead of the words, " Colonel Smith, commandiag 71st Pennsylvania volunteers, threw two companies," etc., 
I would now insert, "Two companies of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers were thrown behind the stone wall," etc. 
Where I used the words, " the most of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers," I desire to insert therefor, " a por- 
tion of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers." Where the words, " the TM Pennsylvania volunteers fought steadily." 
etc., occur, I desire to insert therefor, " the portion of the 7-'d Pennsylvania volunteers near me remained steadily in 
their position, a little retired from the crest, and fired at the advancing enemy. Since I had not succeeded in making 
a charge with this regiment, the enemy would probably," etc. 

To do justice to the 69th Pennsylvania volunteers, and the members of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers that 
were with the 69th, 1 should have stated that, leaving the 72d Pennsylvania volunteers in position, I went to the 6'Jth 
and found them at the stone wall, and pointed out to them that a portion of the enemy was in their rear. 
I remain, with highest respect, your obedient servant, 

Alex. S. Webb, 
Brevet Major-General, United States Army. 

a. Lieutenant Hamilton's report was literally true, although it might be misunderstood. The regiments on the 
left of the 59th New York volunteers did " break from their right to the rear." Hut it was done by the order of their 
commanding officers. They then moved to the right in rear of the 5yth and became engaged at the copse of 
trees M. 



UNION REPORTS. 39 

come in." Seeing the impossibility of executing any regular movement, I at once ordered Captain Abbott, 
who commanded the right company, to "move in a mass on the enemy." Knowing that a hand-to-hand 
fight was coming, I told Abbott that I would follow with the other companies. Captain Abbott led gallantly 
off, and his men followed him without regard to order. * * * 



Extract from Report of Captain Ellingwood, commanding i 5th Massachu- 
setts Volunteers. 

* * * About I p. M. the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery upon our lines, during which we 
lost one man killed and two wounded. Soon after,''! jj, attack of infantry was made ; we moved by the 
right flank a short distance, and became hotly engaged. * * * 



Extract from Report of Captain Darrow, commanding Sznd New York 

Volunteers.'"''' 

* * * In the action on the 3d we lost a number of men during the cannonade. When the enemy 
advanced we were ordered to the right, '^'' toward a small grove M, and charged through it, driving the enemy 
before us, and captured two flags, from the 1st and 7th Virginia regiments, with a loss of four officers and 
sixty-four men. * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel Heath, 19TH Maine Volunteers. 

* * * On the 3d instant my position was on the left of the Szd New York volunteers. 'J*' Shortly 
after the advance of the enemy, my regiment was ordered by the general commanding to the assistance ot the 
2d brigade (Webb's). ^^ We moved up by the right flank,''^ and assisted in the repulse of the attacking party. 
Here my loss was very heavy. * * * 



Extract from Report of Captain Coates, commanding ist Minnesota 

Volunteers. 

* * * Heavy columns of infantry were thrown suddenly forward against our position. They 
marched resolutely in the face of a withering fire up to our lines, and succeeded in planting their colors on one 
of our batteries.''- The point of attack was to the right of our position, and held by the 2d brigade 
(Webb's)*^ of our division (2d), 2d corps. As the enemy approached, we were moved by the right flank to 
oppose them,*^" firing upon them as we approached, and sustaining their fire, together with the fire of the bat- 
teries, which they had brought up to short range, l*** The firing here was desperate for a time. At length 
the regiment with others closed in upon the enemy, and nearly the whole of the rebel force who remained 
alive were taken prisoners. * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel Gates, commanding 2oth New York State 

Militia. 

* * * The enemy came forward rapidly, and began firing as soon as they were in range of our men. 
When they had approached within about 200 feet of the bottom of the valley heretofore mentioned, the troops 
of my command opened a warm fire upon them. Almost immediately their first line faced by the left flank, 
and were moved at double-quick up the valley, and toward Gettysburg. The second line obliqued to the left 
and closed upon the right of the first line. Reaching a position opposite the bluff M, they faced to the right, 
and moved forward rapidly in line of battle. Perceiving that their purpose was to gain the bluff, I moved my 
command by the right flank ^^^ to the foot of the bluff, delivering our fire as we marched, and keeping between 
the enemy and the object of his enterprise. He succeeded in reaching the fence at the foot of the bluff, but 
with ranks broken, and his men evidently disheartened. Some succeeded in getting over the fence into the 
slashing, from which, and behind the fence, they kept up a murderous fire. * * * 



40 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Extract from a Letter from Cai'tain Owens, commanoinc; 151ST Pennsylvania 

Volunteers. 

* * * The enemy made their appearance a little to the left of our position, but marching in an 
oblique direction, until they had moved to the right of us. For some reason, I do not know what, the 2d 
corps troops moved to the right, and the 20th New York State Militia-'" and the 151st Pennsylvania volun- 
teers''^ followed, loading and firing as we ran, until we got to a small grove M, which seemed to be the point 
aimed at by the enemy. * * * 



E.\tract from Brigadier-General Stannard's Report. 

* * * The charge was aimed directly upon my command,''" but owing, apparently, to the firm front 
shown them, the enemy ^^-^ diverged midway, and came upon the line upon my right. **^ * * * As soon 
as the change of front became evident, I ordered a flank attack upon the enemy's column, forming in the 
open meadow, in front of our lines. The 13th Vermont volunteers^- " changed front forward on first com- 
pany," the 1 6th Vermont volunteers,"" after deploying, performed the same, and formed on the left of the 
13th, at right angles to the main line of our army, bringing them in line of battle upon the flank of the 
charging division of the enemy, l"*'' and opened a destructive fire, at short range, which the enemy sustained 
but a very few moments before the larger portion of them surrendered, and marched in, not as conquerors, but 
as captives." 

E.xtract from Report of Brigadier-General Hays,^"'' commanding 30 Division, 2d 

Corps. 

* * * Anticipating the movement of the enemy, I caused the house and barn in our front, which 
interrupted the fire of our artillery, to be burned down.N * * * 

Their march was as steady as if impelled, marching unbroken by our artillery, which played upon them 
a storm of missiles. When within one hundred yards of our line of infantry, the fire of our men could no 
longer be restrained. Four lines •'^' ^"i' ^"-' i"-""- arose from behind our stone wall, and before the smoke of 
our first volley had cleared away, the enemy, in dismay and consternation, were seeking safety in flight. 
Many attempts to rally them by their officers were vain. In less time than I can recount it they were throw- 
ing away their arms, and appealing most piteously for mercy. The Angel of Death can alone produce such a 
field as was presented. The division captured and turned in to headquarters fifteen battle-flags. A number 
of others were captured, but have been surreptitiously disposed of. Colonel Sherrill, 126th New York vol- 
unteers, was mortally wounded. 1"'* Colonel McDougall, I nth New Yo-k volunteers, and Major Hildebrant, 
39th New York volunteers, were severely wounded, leaving the brigad..- in command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
Bull. Colonel Smyth, commanding 2d brigade, was severely wounded in the head and face by a shell, ^"^ 
which, however, did not prevent his return to duty next day. * * * 



Extract from Report of Captain Seeley, commanding iiith New York.'' 

* * * During the hottest of the fire the regiment formed and marched up by the right flank ^"''-^ to 
the crest of the hill, and formed in the rear of the 12th New Jersey,'"- who were lying under shelter of a 
stone wall. * * * The enemy were seen advancing in three heavy lines, preceded by a cloud of skirmish- 
ers. Not a man flinched, but every brow was knit and lips compressed with determination to win or die, and 
win they did. * * * 

Extract from Report of Lieutenant-Colonel Franklin Sawyer, commanding 8th 

Ohio Volunteers. 

* * * About 4 o'clock p. M. of the 2d inst., I received an order from Colonel S. S. Carroll, United 
States Army, commanding brigade, to move my regiment forward to the picket line. * * * ( Four com- 
panies were advanced to the front, and the balance were held in reserve at the Emmettsburg road. ) * * * 

a. The 14th Vermont volunteers''" were in position on the left of the line, and were not ordered forward, but 
subsec|uently opened fire on Wilcox's command, 1"5, 1'i' when he advanced to cover Pickett's right. 
6. Colonel McDougall commanded the brigade during the latter part of the engagement. 



UNION REPORTS. 4I 

On the afternoon of the 3d, the column of the enemy directed itself upon our battery, 1'" to my left, and the 
lines on the left flank of the column advanced directly upon my position. I moved up my reserve to the 
picket front, and as the rebel line came within one hundred yards we poured in a well-directed fire, which 
broke it, and it soon fled, in the wildest confusion. 

Being relieved from this direction, I "changed front forward on the left company," thus presenting our 
front to the advancing rebel column. Our fire was poured into their flank, with terrible effect, 108 for a few 
minutes, before the 2d brigade, and the battery ( Woodruff' s)!!** opened, but almost instantly, the fire from 
the front, together with the concentrated fire from our batteries, the whole mass gave way, some flying to the 
front, some to the rear, and through our lines, until the whole plain was covered with unarmed rebels, waving 
coats, hats, and handkerchiefs, in token of a wish to surrender. * * * 



Extract from Report of Major-General Howard,"^ commanding iith Corps. 

* * * The enemy's infantry appeared emerging from the woods upon Seminary Ridge, his left nearly 
opposite our front, and the line extending far to the left. Our batteries, under direction of Major Osborne, 1-- 
again opened fire, using shells at first. The gaps made by them seemed to have no effect on the onward prog- 
ress of the enemy. Still his line advanced steadily, gaining ground gradually toward his right. When near 
our line of skirmishers the batteries opened upon them with grape and canister from the hill. The infantry 
also commenced firing. The enemy's lines were broken, and the plain in our front was covered with fugitives 
running in every direction. 

Colonel Smith's brigade, l'''' of General Steinwehr's^-'^ division, was pushed to the left and front, to the 
support of the 1st corps (Robinson's division)!!"* moving forward. * * * 



Extract from Report of General Newton,'" commanding ist Corps. 

* * * The dawn of day on the 3d found the position of the ist corps as follows : The 1st division 
(Wads worth's), as before represented, on Gulp's Hill; the 2d division (Robinson's) on Cemetery HillZ, 
ready to support the I ith or 2d corps ; the 3d division (Doubleday's) 1" ,on the left-center, and adjoining the 
left of General Hancock's position. Between the left of the 3d division 1'' and General Sykes' position-" on 
the left, an interval of over half a mile, there were no troops in position. I reported this fact immediately to 
the general commanding, who authorized me to go to General Sedgwick on the e.xtreme left,29 and obtain 
troops from him to fill this gap. While proceeding on this mission, I encountered Caldwell's division 23 of the 
2d corps, not then forming part of General Hancock's line of battle, and, with this officer's consent, I put 
it in position on the left of the 3d division, ist corps (Major-General Doubleday's). 10 General Sedgwick 
could only spare me the 1st New Jersey brigade (General Torbert), which was placed in position -^ on the left 
of General Caldwell. 23 My own batteries, occupying important positions in the center and right-center, might 
not with propriety be removed, and I therefore applied and obtained permission to call upon the reserve artil- 
lery. 2'> [See Major McGilvery's report.] * * * I must mention that the 3d corps, under Major-Gen- 
eral Birney,3 which had suffered severely in the previous day's fight, I found posted directly in rear of my line 
of battle, and made arrangements with him to draw upon him for such support as might be needed : and I take 
advantage of this opportunity to express my obligations for the cheerful and handsome manner in which he 
responded to every call made upon him. * * * At length the enemy's columns of attack began to move 
* * * directing itself upon the front of the 3d (Doubleday's) division, ''O ist corps ; but meeting with a 
warm fire from his front line of battle, composed of the 13th, 14th, and 1 6th Vermont regiments of Stan- 
nard's brigade, the 20th New York State Militia, and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers, it swerved to the 
right to attack General Hancock. *■* General Stannard immediately changed front forward, and falling upon 
their flank, 82, ej routed them, taking a large number of prisoners. This had hardly been done, when another 
column, I'^i I'"'/ attempting the left of General Doubleday's front, was attacked in flank in a similar way, and 
nearly the whole column killed, wounded, or captured. * * * With the first movement of the assault- 
ing column of the enemy, I called upon General Birney,3 commanding 3d corps, for troops to form a reserve 
first for one (the 2d, Humphreys' ), 2" and subsequently for another division (ist. Ward's),* which were 
promptly sent. With a portion of these troops *> I re-enforced General Hancock, who was severely pressed by 
heavy masses of the enemy, holding the remainder in readiness to fall upon the enemy, should they succeed in 
penetrating our lines, a contingency which fortunately did not occur. The 2d division (ist corps), under Gen- 
eral Robinson, 11"* was moved to sustain General Hancock's right. H-', 117 * * * 



42 



GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



Extract from Report of General Humphreys,-" commanding 2d Division, 30 

Corps. 

* * * My division was moved rapidly to the right and formed in mass by battalions, i"-"' ^^< -^ and in 
rear and support of the left of the 2d corps (Caldwell's division), -3 several batteries -'' being in position in my 
front. Here it remained until dusk, losing several valuable officers and a large number of men from the enemy's 
artillery. * * * 

Extract from Report of General Sedgwick,-"' commanding 6th Corps. 

* * * General Torbert's brigade-^ was sent to the [left] center, reporting to Major-General Newton, 
and remained in position until the morning of the 5th. Eustis' brigade 1- was sent to the right [left] center, 
also reporting to General Newton. Shaler's brigade was ordered to the left, then to the right, and subse- 
quently returned to the left-center,!-^ and was held in reserve. During the movement of these troops they 
were more or less exposed to the fire of the enemy's artillery. * * * 



Extract from Report of General Shaler, commanding ist Brigade, 30 Division, 

6th Corps. 

* * * At half-past three o'clock p. m., by direction of General Sedgwick, the brigade was moved, 
under a terrific fire of artillery, to report to General Newton. A subsequent order, however, from General 
Meade, directed me to remain in rear of the position of the 3d corps, l-* reporting to Major-General Newton 
for instructions. * * * 



Extracts from Reports of Brigade Commanders of the ist Division, 5TH Corps. 

Colonel Tilto/!,-^'^ commanding 1st Brigade, ist Division, Jth Corps. 

* * * On the 3d we relieved the 3d brigade on duty, holding the Rocky Hill"'-' (Round Top) D 
upon the extreme left. * * * 

Colonel Sweitzer's'-^^ Report, commanding 2d Brigade, 1st Division, ^th Corps. 

* * * On the night of the 2d I received an order, and put the 2d brigade in the position indi- 
cated,'"'! where we remained until the 5th inst. * * * 

Colonel Rice's"'^ Report, commanding jd Brigade, 1st Division, ^th Corps. 

* * * The brigade was relieved during the forenoon by the ist brigade (Tilton's) ,''^ and ordered 
to the center of the line,"'l where it remained in reserve the balance of the day, exposed to a severe cannonad- 

EXTRACT FROM RePORT OF GeNERAL AyERS,^" COMMANDING 2D DIVISION (ReGULAr), 

5TH Corps. 

* * * These two brigades (ist, Colonel Day ;■"'--'' 2d, Colonel Burbank '''--'j) were massed in the 
woods, ^2 in rear of the 3d brigade (Garrard's). ■''' * * * The division remained in this last position till we 
took up the line of march in pursuit of the enemy. * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel Garrard,''^ commanding 3D Brigade (Weed's), 

2D Division, 5TH Corps. 

* * * At night (id) this ridge ( Little Round Top) B, naturally strong, was strengthened by building a 
stone wall about halfway down the slope, wherever the rocks offered no protection to the men. The next 
day the brigade remained in the same position. * * * 



Extract from Report o^ Captain Hazard, Chief of 2d Corps Artillery. 

* * * Battery B, ist New Y.^rk Artillery, ■*'5 was entirely exhausted, its ammunition expended, its 
horses and men killed and disabled, the coirmanding officer, J. M. Rorty, killed, and :enior first lieutenant 



UNION REPORTS. 43 

severely wounded." The other batteries were in a similar condition. Still, they bided the attack. * * * 
Battery B, ist Rhode Island (Brown's),'*'' had expended every round of ammunition, and the lines of the enemy 
still advancing. Lieutenant Gushing,'" commanding A, 4th United States, was killed ; Lieutenant Milne, A, 
1st Rhode Island, serving with Cushing's battery, had fallen mortally wounded ; their battery was exhausted,*-. ^ 
their ammunition gone, and it was feared the guns would be lost if not withdrawn ; at this trying moment, the 
two batteries were taken away.*' But Woodruff's battery, I, 1st United States, "•^ still remained in the grove, 
and poured death and destruction into the rebel lines. They had gained the crest, and all seemed lost, and the 
enemy exultant rushed in; but on reaching the crest they met our infantry, fresh, and waiting on the oppo- 
site side. The tide turned : backward and downward rushed the rebel line, shattered and broken, and the 
victory was gained. Woodruff, who had gallantly commanded his battery on the zd and 3d of July, fell 
mortally wounded 111 at the very moment of victory. * * * Batteries from the reserve artillery of the 
army immediately occupied the positions vacated. I'l'-'"''' 1"'' 1-'' * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel McGilvery, commanding Brigade Artillery 

Reserve. 

* * * The line of batteries -'' under my command, commencing on the left at an old oak wood (near 
General Torbert's position),-^ occupied by our infantry, were in numbers and kind as follows : — 
Ames' battery, G, ist New York, six light 12-pounders. 
Dow's battery, 6th Maine, four light 12-pounders. 
Cooper's battery, Pennsylvania, four 3-inch rifled guns. 
Lieutenant Rock's section, New Jersey, two 3-inch rifled guns. 
Sterling's battery, Connecticut, four James' rifled guns, two howitzers. 
Hart's battery, 15th New York, four light 12-pounders. 
Phillips' battery, 5th Massachusetts, six 3-inch rifled guns. 
Thompson's batteries, F and C, Pennsylvania, five 3-inch rifled guns. 
On the right of these was : — 

Thomas' battel,, C, 4th United States, six 3-inch rifled guns.'' * * * 

The infantry appeared in three extended lines of battle, of at least 3,500, advancing upon our center. 
These three lines of battle preiented an oblique front to the guns under my command, and by training the 
whole line of guns obliquely to the right we had a raking fire through all three of these lines. The execution 
of this fire must have been terrible, as it was over a (comparatively) level plain, and the effect was plain to be 
seen ; in a few minutes, instead of a well-ordered line of battle, they were broken and confused masses, and 
fugitives were flying in every direction. This ended the greatest operations of the batteries under my com- 
mand at the battle of Gettysburg. * * * 



Extract from Report of Captain Fitzhugh,*^ ist New York Artillery, 
Battery K, commanding 4TH Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve. 

* * * By order of General Hunt, I put them l.li^-a in position near the stone fence in front of Gen- 
eral Webb's (Gibbon's?) division of the 2d corps, battery A, 1st New Jersey Artillery,! on the left of K, 1st 
New York Artillery. ^^'' At this time the enemy were making a strong effort to break the 2d corps line, their 
infantry having charged up to the stone fence,*'' near a small wooded knoll M, about seventy-five yards on 
my right. * * * 



Extract from Report of Lieutenant Parsons, commanding Battery A, ist New 

Jersey Artillery. 

* * * I have the honor to report that, on the 3d instant, about 3 p. m., I received orders from General 
Hunt to move the battery to the front, as soon as possible. I at once obeyed the order, and soon had the 
battery 1 in position, about one-fourth of a mile south of Gettysburg cemetery Z, and near the 2d division, zd 

a. Volunteers from the IVHh Massachusetts volunteers assisted in working the guns of this battery. 

i. Daniels' yth Michigan. See note d, page 31). 

c. The remaining batteries of this brigade were detached on special duty in other parts of the field. 



44 GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

corps ; Fitzhugh's battery,' tollovving immediately after me, and taking position on my right. At this time 
ihe enemy's infantry were advancing rapidly. I at once opened lire upon them with case shot, tiring about 
I lo rounds, with good effect. * * * 



Extract from Private Letter ok Captain Cowan, 1st (Independent) New York 

Artillery. 

* * * I was placed in position by General Doubleday, to our right and front of his headquarters,'" 
during the heavy cannonade. * * * During the hottest of the fire, an aid (Captain Banes) galloped down 
from the right and ordered me to report to General Webb. I was under the orders of General Doubleday, 
and hardly knew if I ought to obey General Webb, whom I did not know. While doubting for an instant, 
I looked toward the higher grounds, and at the point where you have my battery represented on your Iso- 
metrical Drawing of the field, I saw a general waving his hat to me. I determined to risk disobeying orders, 
as I must be needed there, and I at once "limbered to the rear," and "moved by the left flank " at a gallop ; 
my cannoneers were mostly stripped to the shirt, and as I gave the command, " By the left flank !" they 
sprang with loud cheers upon the limber chests, and upon the guns, their implements, which they had not 
time to replace, still in their hands. We galloped into position. ^^ * « * We opened at once, and con- 
tinued pouring shell upon them till they came within canister range. Then came the severe struggle. Our 
infantry all at once became panic-stricken, and broke in confusion. The enemy rushed with wild cheers, 
pouring in their volleys, and planted their colors upon the guns of the regular battery, "'- just on my right, the 
commander of which had been killed."" * * * 

General Webb*' and his officers were gallantly rallying the infantry, and just in rear of the regular battery 
were the colors of six or seven regiments, and a few score men fighting around them. * * * Fitzhugh 
(with battery K, 1st New York,l and A, ist New Jersey l-'"") was on my left, and was there after the fight. 
It may be an interesting fact that General Hunt, Chief of Artillery of the Army of the Potomac, was in my 
battery when the enemy was closest, and, while mounted on his horse, was shooting at the rebels with his 
revolver. His horse was shot under him,"'' and I remounted him on one of my sergeant's horses. * * * 



Extract from Letter of Colonel Morgan. 

* * * As for the batteries that relieved Cushing and Arnold, they belonged, as I remember, to the 
6th corps, the leading one being commanded by Martin, 5th artillery, ""^ with wliom I rode. The other 
battery I don't remember." I met Colonel Tompkins, ^-^ chief of the 6th corps artillery, on the Taneytown 
road Y, not far from General Meade's headquarters. * * * 



CONFEDERATE REPORTS. 



Extract from Report of General J. N. Pendleton, Chief of Confederate 

Artillery. 

* * * By direction of the commanding-general, the artillery along our entire line was to be prepared 
for opening, as early as possible on the morning of the 3d, a concentrated and destructive fire ; consequent upon 
which a general advance was to be made. The right was, if practicable, to sweep the enemy from his strong- 
hold on that flank. Visiting the lines at a very early hour, I found, by Colonel Alexander's energy, much 
already accomplished on the right. Henry's battalion i"'^ held about its original position on the flank ; Alex- 
ander's battalion 1"'6 was next, in front of the peach orchard H. Then came the Washington (New Orleans) 
artillery battalion, 1''9 under Major Eshleman, and Dearing's battalion '■*" on his left ; * * * and, beyond 
Dearing, Cabell's battalion l^-* had been arranged, making nearly sixty guns for that wing, all well advanced in 
a sweeping chase of about a mile. * * * To the 3d corps artillery attention was also given ; Major 
Poague's battalion "•'.l'"'* had been advanced to the line of the right wing. « * * The other battalions 
of this corps l^'-t ^■''''y ^''^-<'> l"'-' (a portion of Garnett's being in reserve under Major Richardson ) held their posi- 
tion of the day before, as did those of the 2d corps."''. "'-- '"^'' l'" * * * At length, about I o'clock 

«. Butler's, G, 2d United States. 



CONFEDERATE REPORTS. 4^ 

p. M., on the concerted signal, our guns in position, nearly one hundred and fifty, opened fire along the entire 
line, from right to left. * * * 



Extract from Report of Lieutenant-General James Longstreet, commanding 

1ST Corps, C. S. A. 

* » « The commanding-general joined me, and ordered a column of attack to be formed of Pickett's, 
Heth's, and a part of Pender's divisions. The assault to be made directly at the enemy's main position, the 
Cemetery Hill, the distance to be passed over under the fire of the enemy's batteries, and in plain view, seemed 
too great to insure great results, particularly as two-thirds of the troops to be engaged in the assault had been 
in a severe battle two days previous, Pickett's division alone being fresh. 

Orders were given to Major-General Pickett to form his line under the best cover that he could get from 
the enemy's batteries, and that the center of the assaulting column would arrive at the salient of the enemy's 
position," General Pickett's line to be the guide, and attack the line of the enemy's defenses, and General 
Pettigrew, in command of Heth's division, moving on the same line as General Pickett, was to assault the 
salient M at the same moment. Pickett's division was arranged two brigades in the front line, supported by 
his third brigade, and Wilcox's brigade was ordered to move in rear of his (Pickett's) right flank, to protect 
it from any force that the enemy might attempt to bring against it. 

Heth's division, under the command of Brigadier-General Pettigrew, was arranged in two lines, and these 
supported by part of Major-General Pender's division, under command of Major-General Trimble. All of the 
batteries of the ist and 3d corps, and some of those of the 2d, were put in the best position for effective fire 
upon the point of attack, and the hill occupied by the enemy's left. * * * The signal guns opened, and 
all the guns opened very handsomely. * * * The advance of the infantry was made in very fine style, 
all the troops keeping their lines accurately, and taking the fire of the batteries with great coolness and delib- 
eration. * * * The enemy's batteries ■'''-•'> '*^' *^> ^l**' ^-^ soon opened upon our lines with canister, and 
the left seemed to stagger under it, but the advance was resumed with some degree of steadiness. Pickett's 
troops did not appear to be checked by the batteries, and only halted to deliver fire when close under musket 
range. 

Major-General Anderson's division l""'' l'"'"' '■*''' ^'*'^' ^''^ was ordered forward to support and assist the mov- 
ing columns of Pettigrew and Trimble. Pickett's troops, after delivering their fire, advanced to the charge, 
and entered the enemy's lines, capturing some of his batteries,*^ and gaining his works.'^'* About the same 
moment, the troops that had before hesitated broke their ranks, and fell back in great disorder, many more 
falling under the enemy's fire in retiring than while they were attacking ; this gave the enemy time to throw 
his entire force upon Pickett, with a strong prospect of being able to break up his lines or destroy him before 
Anderson's division could reach him, which, in its turn, would have greatly exposed Anderson. He was 
therefore ordered to halt. In a few moments the enemy, marching against both flanks, '^-1 63, 98 and the 
front '''^l of Pickett's division, overpowered it and drove it back, capturing about half of those of it who 
were not killed or wounded. General Wright, ^^^ of Anderson's division, was ordered, with all of his officers, 
to rally and collect the scattered troops behind Anderson's division, and many of my staff officers were sent to 
assist in the same service. * * * 



Extract from Report of Brigadier-General Davis, Heth's Division. 

* * * The division ^^"' ""'' 1''''' ^'- moved off in line, and passing the wooded crest of the hill, 
descended to the open fields that lay between us and the enemy. Not a gun was fired at us until we reached 
the strong post and rail fence, about three-quarters of a mile from the enemy's position, when we were met by a 
heavy fire of grape, canister, and shell, ^l"' ^-- which told sadly upon our ranks. Under this destructive fire, 
which commanded our front and left with fatal effect, the troops displayed great coolness, were well in hand, 
and moved steadily forward, regularly closing up the gaps made in their ranks. Our advance across the field 
was interrupted by other fences of a similar character, in crossing which the alignment became more or less 

a. I have been informed by Colonel Harrison, General Pickett's adjutant and inspector-general, while visiting 
the field with him al Gettysburg, that the "copse of trees " M on General Webb's front was the point on which the 
troops were directed to advance. These trees, being relieved in clear outline against the sky when seen from the 
Confederate lines, formed an unmistakable landmark. 



46 



GETTYSBURG DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 



deranged. This was in each case promptly rectified, and though its ranks were growing thinner at ever\' step, 
this division moved steadily on in line with the troops on the right. 

When within musket range, we encountered a heavy fire of small-arms, ^""^ from which we suffered 
severely ; but this did not for a moment check the advance. * * * The whole division dashed up to 
his first line of defense, a stone wall, behind which the opposing infantry were strongly posted. Here we were 
subjected to a most galling fire of musketry »•'. Wl. 1"2, l'i2-a, lo.i, KW-a, lOiJ, ins a^j artillery,"" that so reduced our 
already thinned ranks that any further effort to carry the position was hopeless, and there was nothing left but 
to retire to the position originally held, which was done in more or less confusion. * * * The number 
killed and wounded was very great, and in officers unusually so, as may be seen from the fact that in Archer's 
brigade but two field officers escaped, in Pettigrew's but one, and in Davis' all were killed or wounded. * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel Shepard, Archer's Brigade. 

* * * In the engagement of the 3d, Archer's brigade^*'" was on the right of our division. As we 
advanced, the right of Archer's brigade touched the left of Pickett's division. 1^'^ * * * The enemy 
held their fire until we were in fine range, then opened upon us a terrible and well-directed fire.'^'' Within 
eighty or one hundred yards of his works ^* we came to a lane (Emmettsburg road) L, inclosed in two stout 
"post and rail" fences. This was a very great obstruction to us, but the men rushed on, as rapidly as they 
could, and advanced directly upon the enemy's works, the first line of which was composed of rough stones. '*•' 
The enemy ^^ abandoned this; but just in rear was massed in heavy force.*'' By the time we had reached 
this work our lines, all along as far as I could see, had become very much weakened. Indeed the line, both 
to the right and left, as far as I could observe, seemed to vielt away, until there was but little of it left. 
Every flag in the brigade, except one, was captured, at or within the works of the enemy. The first Ten- 
nessee had three color-bearers shot down, the last of whom was at the works, and the flag captured. The 
13th Alabama had three in the same way, the last of whom was shot down at the works. The 14th Ten- 
nessee had four shot down, the last of whom was at the enemy's works, and the flag was only saved by Cap- 
tain Morris tearing it away from the staff, and bringing it out beneath his coat. The 5th Alabama battalion 
also lost their flag at the enemy's works. There were seven field officers that went into the charge, only two 
of whom came out. * * * The loss in company officers was nearly in the same proportion. Our loss 
in men was also heavy. We went into the fight, on the ist, with 1,048 men, 677 of whom were killed, 
wounded, or captured during the engagement. * * * 



Extract from Report of Major Jones, Pettigrew's North Carolina Brigade. 

* * * When about halfway across the intervening space, the enemy opened upon us a most destruc- 
tive fire of grape and canister. When within about 250 or 300 yards of the stone wall behind which the 
enemy were posted, we were met with a perfect hailstorm of lead from their small-arms.**"' ^^ '"i- ^"-' i"--* 
The brigade had dashed on, and many had reached the wall,** when we received a deadly volley from the 
left.i"^' l"" The whole line on the left had given way, and we were being rapidly flanked.''-' "^^' "^ With our 
thin ranks, and in such position, it would have been folly to stand against such odds, we, therefore, fell back 
to our original position. * * * 

After this day's fight but one field officer was left in the brigade. Regiments that went in with colonels 
came out commanded by lieutenants. * * * 



Extract from Report of Pender's North Carolina Division, by Assistant- 
Adjutant-General Engelhard. 

* * * The command of the division devolved upon General Lane. ( General Pender was vvonnded 
on the 2d. ) The brigades of General Thomas and Colonel Perrin were moved forward to a road. ^"^^^ * * * 
Supporting these two brigades with his own (Lane's), commanded by Colonel Avery, and Scales' brigade, 
commanded by Colonel Lourance. * * « During the morning of the 3d, General Lane received an 
order from General Hill to report in person, with the two brigades forming his second line, to Lieutenant- 
General Longstreet, as a support to General Pettigrew. * * * Formed in the rear of the right of Heth's 
division, commanded by General Pettigrew. Having executed this order. General Lane was relieved of the com- 



CONFEDERATE REPORTS. 47 

mand by Major-General Trimble (and himself returned to the command of his own brigade). * * * Ad- 
vanced in close supporting distance of Pettigrew's line. * * * The division in front gaining ground to the 
right, uncovered the left of Lane's brigade.!"' When within a few hundred yards of the enemy's works, the line 
in front being entirely gone, the division l'^"' 1'^' moved rapidly up, connecting with the troops on the right, 1^0> ^^"^ 
still stubbornly contesting the ground with the enemy, reserving their fire until within easy range, and then open- 
ing with telling effect, driving the artillerists from their guns,*- completely silencing them, and breaking the line 
of infantry supports formed on the crest of the hill. All the guns in the immediate front of the division were 
silenced, 82 and the infantry ^^ had fallen behind their second and third lines of defense,*^ when the division, 
advancing in an oblique direction, the right of which had reached the works,*'* was compelled to fall back. 
* * * In this attack Major-General Trimble was severely wounded. 1''* * * * 



Extract from Report of Colonel Lourance, commanding Scales' North Carolina 

Brigade. ^■^'^ 

* * * We advanced upon the enemy's line, which was in full view, at the distance of one mile. 
All went forward uith a cool and steady step; but ere we had advanced over two-thirds of the way troops from 
the front came tearing through our ranks, which caused many of our own men to break; but with the remain- 
ing few we went forward until the right of the brigade touched the enemy's line of breastworks,*"* as we 
marched in rather an oblique line. Here many were shot down, being exposed to a heavy fire of grape -^' •^'•' 
and musketry "-I ''•'5 on our right flank. * * * 



Extract from Report of General Lane, commanding North Carolina Brigade.^''" 

* * * We advanced to within a few yards of the stone wall, exposed all the while to a heavy raking 
artillery fire on the right.*' ^^ My left was here very much exposed, and a column of the enemy's infantry '■'* 
was thrown forward in that direction, which enfiladed my whole line. This forced me to withdraw. Our 
great loss but too sadly tells the gallant bearing of my command; six hundred and sixty (660) out of an effec- 
tive total of thirteen hundred and fifty-five (1,355). * * * 



Extract from General Wilcox's Report, of the Alabama Brigade. 

* * * The brigade was formed in line parallel to the Emmettsburg road, and about two hundred 
yards from it, artillery l'-^. l*u being in front. * « * Pickett's division now advanced, and other brigades 
on my left. * * * The advance had not been made more than twenty minutes before three staff officers, 
in quick succession, one from the major-general commanding division, gave me orders to advance to the sup- 
port of Pickett's division; my brigade, about twelve hundred in number, then moved forward.*'"""' * * * 



Extract from Rei'Ort of Colonel Lang, commanding Perry's Florida Brigade. ^•^" 

* * * I received orders from General Anderson **- to connect my right with General Wilcox's *■'■"' 
1 ft, and conform my movements during the day to those of his brigade. General Wilcox began to advance, 
and, in accordance with previous orders to conform to his movements, I moved forward also, under a heavy 
tire from artillery.-"'*: ■"'•' * * * 

Note. — Many other letters and reports have been consuli.ed in preparing the design for the painting of the 
Battle of Gettysburg, from which some additional and much corroborative material was obtained; but the forego- 
ing are the most important extracts from the records of the batile. 



INDEX 



KEY. PAGE 

Abbott, Captain 39 

136 Alexander's Artillery— Moody's,Taylor's, Rhett's Parker's, Jordan's and Woolfolk's Batteries 14 

Ames, Brig.-General 10 

Amsberg, General -^l 

142 Anderson, Major-General 8, 10, 13, 18 

127 Anderson's Brig. (7th, Sth, Itth, 11th, and .Wth Ga Reg'ts) 13 

!)1 Angle in the Stone Wall 

J Apple Orchard 8, 10, 14 

160 Archer's Brigade (Col. Frye's) (1st, 7th, 14th Tenn., l^th Ala. Reg'ts, and .'>th Ala. Battalion^ 14, 17 

146 Armistead, Brig -General 14, 18, 20,35,37 

153 Armistead's Brigade (;»th, 14th, 38th, 5;id, and 57th Va. Reg'ts) 14 

ARTILLERY. 

136 Alexander, Colonel, Battalion {Con."\ 14 

26 Ames' Battery, G, 1st N. Y 23 

170 Armstrong Guns on Oak Hill {Con.) 16 

113 Arnold's Battery, A, 1st R. 1 23 

Bancroft's Battery, G, 4th U S 16 

16 Barnes' Battery, G, 1st N. Y. (5th Corps) 27 

140 Blout's Battery (Co>t ) 14 

157 Brander's Battery (Con.) 16 

149 Brooks' Battery ( Con.) 16 

43 Brown's Battery. B, 1st R. 1 25 

124 Butler's Battery, G, 2d U. S 24 

144 Cabell's Battalion iCon.) 16 

'.14 Calef s (Tidball's) Battery, A, 2d U. S 9 

144 Carlton's Battery (Co« ) 16 

140 Caskie's Battery > Con.) 14 

26 Cooper's Battery, B, 1st Pa 23 

65 Cowan's Battery, 13th New York (Independent) 24 

165 Cunningham's Battery . Con.) 16 

87 Cushing's Battery, A, 4th U. S 21, 23 

Dana's Battalion (Con.) K) 

26 Daniels' !tth Mich, (horse) Battery. See McGilvery's Artillery 23 

140 Dearing's Battalion ' Con ) 14, 18 

Dilger's Battery, 1 , 1st Ohio 16 

26 Dow's Battery, tith Maine 23 

Eakin's Battery, H, 1st U. S 16 

Edgell's Battery, 1st N. H 16 

44 Elder's Battery, E. 4th U. S '28 

139 Eshleman's Battalion (Con.) 14 

1 Fitzhugh's Battery, K. 1st N. Y 25 

1 Frazer's Battery (Con.) 16 

152 Garnett's Battalion (Con ) 16 

34 Gibbs' Battery, L, 1st Ohio 36 

55 Graham's Battery, K, 1st U. S 16 

157 Graham's Battery ( Con.) 16 

161 Happ's Battery (Con.) 16 

159 Hart's Battery (Con.) 16 

26 Hart's Battery, 1.5th N. Y. (Independent) 23 

43 Hazard's Battery (see Brown's B, 1st R. L) 24 

37 Hazlett's (Rittenhouse's) Battery. D, 5th U. S 23 

134 Henry's Battalion (Con ) 14 

19-a Hexamer's Battery (see Parsons\ A, 1st N. J 25 

Hill's Battery, C, 1st West Va 16 

79 Hunt, Brig.-General, Chief of Union Artillery 5, 16, 17, 23, 31 

Huntington's Battery ^Ohio) 16 

159 Johnson's Battery ( Con.) 16 

136 Jordan's Battery " Con.) 14 

158-a Lane's Battalion (Con.) •" 14 

134 Latham's Battery (Con.) 14 

152 Lewis' Battery i Co?i. ) 16 

123 McCartney's Battery (Mass.) 24 

144 McCarthy's Battery (Co«.) IB 

157 McGraw's Battery ( Con.) 16 

26 McGilvery's Brigade. Reserve Artillery 16 

1,59 Mcintosh's Battalion (Con.) ' 16 

140 Macon's Battery (Con.) 14 

144 Manly's P.attery (C(7«.) 16 

157 Mauye's Battery (Con.) 16 

17 Martin, Captain, Chief 5th Corps Artillery 23, 27 

Martin's Battery, C, Massachusetts 27 

Martin's Battery, F, 5th U. S 24 

152 Maurin's Battery (Con.) 16 



INDEX. 



49 



KKY. PAGE 

139 Miller's Battery Con.) 14 

136 Moody's Battery (C'</«.) 14 

139 Norcum's Battery [Con.) 14 

122 Osborne, Major, Chief 11th Corps Artillery Ui, 24 

136 Parker's Battery (Co«.) 14 

19-a Parson' s^Hexamer's) Battery. A, 1st N. J 25 

158-a Patterson's Battery (C^«.) 16 

157 Pegram's Battalion {Con.) 16 

26 Phillips' Battery, 5th Massachusetts 23 

149 & 154 Poague's Battalion (Con.) 16 

134 Reilly's Battery ( Con.) 14 

136 Rhett's Battery (Con.) 14 

159 Rice's Battery (C<7«.) 16 

139 Richardson's Battery 16 

Rickett's Battery, F & G, 1st Pennsylvania 11 

37 Rittenhouse's(Hazlett's) Battery, D, 5th U. S 23, 36 

26 Rock's Section (New Jersey) 36 

158 a Ross' Battery (Ct^w.) 16 

45 Rorty's Battery, B, 1st N . Y 22, 23 

162 Smith's Battery (Con. ) 16 

26 Sterling's Battery, 1st Connecticut 23 

140 Stribbling's Battery {Con.) , 14 

Taft's Battery, 5th N. Y,( Independent) 16 

136 Taylor's Battery (C<j«.) 14 

94 Tidball's Battery (Seeley's), A, 2d U. 8 9 

26 Thomas' Battery, C, 4th U. S 23 

26 Thompson's Battery, G & F, Pennsylvania (Independent) 23 

125 Trevor, Sergeant (see Wier's Battery), C, 5th U. S 24 

149 Vozatt's Battery (0«.) 16 

157 Ward's Battery ( Cc«.) 16 

163 Watson's Battery ( Con.) 16 

107 Wheeler's Battery, 13th N. Y. (Independent) 24 

125 Wier's Battery, C, 5th U. S 24 

Wiedrick's Battery, I, 1st N. Y. 11 

158-a Wingfield's Battery (Con.). l(f 

110 Woodruff's Battery, I, 1st U. S 24 

136 Woolfolk's Battery (Con.) 14 

157 Zimmerman's Battery (Co».) 14 

OFFICERS, CORPS, DIVISIONS, BRIGADES, REGIMENTS, ETC. 

167 Avery, Col. (Lane's Brigade) 

32 Ayers, Brig. -General, 2d Div., 5th Corps 8, 10, 27, 31 

88 Banes, Capt. (General Webb's Staff) 20, 22 

31 Barnes, Brig. -General, 1st Div., 5th Corps 8, 10, 26 

38 Barksdale's Brig. (13th, 17th, 18th, and 21st Miss. Reg'ts) 10, 13 

Barlow, V>r'\%.-GQn&x3\ (wo7inded), 1st Div., 11th Corps (see Ames) I) 

Barrows, Lieut 18 

33 Bartlett, Brig.-Geu., 2d Brig., 3d Div., 6th Corps (.5th Me., 121st N. Y., 9.5th and 96th Pa. Vols.) 27 

117 Baxter, Brig. -General, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 1st Corps (8;3d, 97th N. Y., 88th, 90th Pa., and 12th Mass. 

Vols.) 24 

Baxter, Col. (72d Pa. Vols.) 22, 31 

Benedict, Lieut 21, 23 

7 Berdan, Col., 2d Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (3d, 4th Me., 2(»th Ind., 86th, 124th N. Y., 99th Pa Vols. 

and 1st and 2d U. S. Sharpshooters) 25, 31 

128 Benning's Brig. (2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Ga. Reg'ts) 13 

75 Bingham, Captain (General Hancock's Staff) 20 

3 Birney, Major-General, commanding 3d Corps 8, 10, 25, 41 

N Bliss' Buildings 14, 40 

21 Brewster, Col., 2d Brig., 2d Div., 3dCorps(lst, 2d, .'M, 4th, 5th Excelsior, and 120th N. Y.Vols.) 26 

Brinton, Dr 20 

172 Brockenborough's Brigade (23d, 40th, 47th, 55th Va. Reg'ts and22d Battalion) 14 

28 Brooke, Col., 4th Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps (2d Del, 27th Conn., 64th N. Y., 53d and 145th Pa. 

Vols ) 10, 26 

W Bryan's house 23, 24 

Bull, Lieut.-Col., 126th N. Y. Vols 23, 40 

19 Burling, Col., 3d Brig., 2d Div., 3d Corps (2d N. H.,5th, 6th,7th, 8th N. J., and 1115th Pa. Vols.) 26, 31 

32-b Burbank, Col., 2d Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps (2d, 7th, 10th, 11th and 17th U. S. Infantry) 27 

Buford, Brig.-General, 1st Div. Cavalry 

Candy's Brigade (1st), 2d Div., 12th Corps 13 

23 Caldwell, Brig.-General, 1st Div., 2d Corps 8, 10, 21, 26, 41 

Carlisle Road 9 

19-b Carr, Brig -Gen., 1st Brig., 2d Div , 3d Corps (1st, 11th, 16th Mass , 11th N. J., 12th N. H., and 

26th Pa. Vols.; 26, 31 

Carroll's Brigade 11, 24, 40 

Z Cemetery Hill 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 24, 34, 41 

Cemetery Ridge 7. 8, 9, 10, 16 

Chamberlain, General 31 

R Chambersburg Turnpike 8, 9 

Coates, Capt., commanding 1st Minn. Vols 39 

Colgrove's Brigade 13 

Colville, Colonel '^^ 

96 Colors, Array Headquarters 20 

" 4th Mich. Vols 19 

5 " 2d Div . 2d Corps 25 

80 " Hall's Brigade 20 

85 " Webb's Brigade 20 

M Copse of Trees 5. 21, 22, 37, 39 

K Cordora's house 8, 9, 10, 14, 17 

Corps 1st 8, 10, 11 , 25. 41 

" 2d 8, 10, 24, 25, 41, 42 

" 3d 8, 9, 11,25, 42 

" 5th 8, 10, 42 



50 



INDEX. 



KEY r/vun 

Corps 6th ^'^' ?.' li' •^'i 

■ 11th 11. 24, 41 

12th 11.13 

S'"'!'!:;;::::::::::::::::::x^ 

Ewell's 

112 Coulter Col., 1st Brig., 2d Div., 1st Corps (107th Pa., Kith Me., '.Uth and 104th N. Y., and 13th Mass. 

Vols.) 24 

53 Crawford, Brig.-General, 3d Div. , 5th Corps ' ,); 

52 Cross. Col. (kilUri, July 2d), 1st Brig , 1st Div , 2d Corps (see Frazer, Col.) 10 

Gulp's Hill '■ 9. 11- .1?' .^S' ol 

76 Cushing. Lieut., Battery A, 4th U S 21, Z6, 24 

103 " " " " (Umber) 21,22,23 

Custer, Brig -General, 2d Brig., 3d Div. Cav ^» 

9 Dana, Col., 2d Brig., 3d Div., 1st Corps (143d, 14'Jth, and l-'iOth Pa. Vols.) 25, 31 

Darrow, Capt., commanding H2d N. Y. Vols 39 

32-a Day. Col , 1st Brig., 2d Div.. 5th Corps (3d 4th. 6th, 12th, and 14th U. S. Infantry) 2.. 42 

16it Davis' Brig (2d, 11th, 42d Miss, and 5,5th N C. Reg'ts) • 14, 31 

71 Devereux, Col. (I'Jth Mass. Vols ) 18, 22. 31. 35, 36 

E Devil's Den. ...••■ •••••• ■■J'^' .'" 

10 Doubleday, Major-General. 3d Div., 1st Corps 9 10, 23, 25, 31 

Duffee, Major, 6i)th Penn Vols 22 

Early's Division }/■ 

Egan, Lieut.. 1st U. S. Artillery ^* 

Ellingwood, Capt., commanding 15th Mass. Vols • „_ ":„ 

L Emmettsburg Road S. <J, 13. 17, 24, 37, 40 

Engelhard, Major (Pender's Division) ■••■■ ■ • ■, ■ „„ ')i 

12 Eustis, Brig -Gen.. 2d Brig., 3d Div., 6th Corps (2d R. L, 7th, 10th, and 3ith Mass. Vols.) 26, 42 

Ewell, Lieut. -General "' 1? 

Excelsior Reg'ts (see 70th, 71st, T.d, 73d, and 74th N. Y. Vols.) 2b 

P Fairiield Road ;;•■;■,• W V, , •,■ •; ^' ^ 

46 Farnsworth, Brig -Gen. (killed). 1st Brig., .3d Div. Cavalry (1st Vt., 1st West Va., 5th N. Y.. and iHth 

Pa. Vol. Cav.) 2H 

74 Farrell, Captain, commanding Division Provost Guard 24 

3)< Fisher, Col , 3d Brig , 3d Div , .5th Corps (.5th, l-'th Penn. Reserves) 27 

Fowler. General ,• ■ ■ • ••■;,■ ' \V ', „i 

22 Frazer, Col , 3d Brig. (Zook's) 1st Div., 2d Corps (.5-.'d, 57th, 66th N. Y.. and 14ilth Pa. Vols ) 26 

160 Frye, Col. (see Archer's Brigade) }1* Jo 

1.50 Garnett's Brig. (Hth, IHth, Ulth, 2Hth. and 5(Jth Va. Reg'ts) 14, IK 

Gates, Col.. 20th New York State Militia -^'J 

36 Garrard, Col., 3d Brig. (Weed's), 2d Div., .5th Corps (01st, 155th Pa., 1411th, and 146th N. Y. 

Vols.) 27 42 

Getty s burs • 

41 Gibbon, Brig.-General, 2d Div.. 2d Corps >^, IT, 21, 23. -25. 31, 35, 36. 37 

Graham, Brig.-General {wounded and prisotier) ■ 10, 3} 

Geary's Division (2d), l-'th Corps H. 13. ''i 

30 Grant, Col., 2d Brig.. 2d Div., 6th Corps (2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Vt. Vols.) '2( 

Greene's Brigade (3d), 2d Div., 12th Corps H' ^1 

Gregg. Brig -General. 2d Div. Cav Va ' '..o ' '■!< '4i ' 'k qt '^i 

77 Hall. Col.. 3d Brigade, 2d Corps 18, 22, 25, 31. 35, 37, 3H 

Hamilton Lieut ( Acting Adj't, •5'.)th N. Y. Vols.) •■ V ■•;;>■•■.;■ '^V ' k;." ';;" '."r o., ^? 

40 Hancock. Major-Genera!.... «■ W. H, 18. 20, 21, 22. 31, 35, 37, 41 

Harrisburg Road • "' 

Harrison, Colonel (Cleneral Pickett's Adj't-General) '3, 31. 45 

S Harrow, Brig.-General. 1st Brig , 2d Div., 2d Corps 17. 21, 22. 23, 25, .35, 37 

02 Haskell. Lieut (Gen. Gibbons' Staff) 22, .^4 

100 Hays, Brig -General, 3d Div , "d Corps 17. 21, 23. 24. 31, 35, 40 

37 Hazlett, Lieut., Battery D. .5th U. S 23 

70 Hazard, Capt., Chief 2d Corps Artillery "^ • oo 

Heath, Col., 19th Maine Vols ^^ 



Herr's Tavern 



Heth's Division 'In 

Hildebrant, Major (39th N. Y. Vols.) 40 

Hill, Lieut. -General 9. 47 

Hoke's Brigade J^ 

Hood's Division ^ ' '!? 

Hooker. Lieut c'r! ' k," ^i o, ok 

119 Howard. Major-General, 11th Corps ■'. 20. 24, 31, .M, 30 

18 Howe, Brig. -Gen., 2d Div., 6th Corps • 27 

79 Hunt, Brig -General. Chief of Artillery lb, 23, 25 31, 3b 

20 Humphreys. Major-General. 2d Div., Hd Corps **, 10, 26, 31, \l 

6 Infantry. 3d Me., 20th Ind., and 99th Pa. Vols 25 

Intermediate Ridge (Sickles' Ridge) 8, 10, 14 

Isometrical Drawing ' 

Jeffers, Col., 4th Mich. Vols l^ 

166 Jones, Major (Pettigrew's Brigade) 4i 

Johnson's Division ^J 

Kane's Brigade (2d), 2d Div., 12th Corps ••••••,•• ' ..i 

26-a Kelley, Col. , 2d Brig. ,1st Div., 2d Corps (28th Mass. ,63d, 69th, 88th N.Y., and 116th Pa Vols.) 26 

Kemper. Brig.-General \y 

143 Kemper's Brig. (1st, 3d, 7th, 11th and 24th Va Reg'ts) 14 

129 Kershaw's Brig. (2d, 3d, 7th, Sth. and 15th S C. Reg'ts 13 

47 Kilpatrick, Brig.-General, 3d Div. Cavalry ^a" ^ 

167 Lane's Brig. (7th, l8th, 28th 33d, and 37th N C. Reg'ts) 14, 47 

Lang, Col. (see Perry's Brigade) ' io 

130 Law's Brig. (4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, and 48th Ala. Reg'ts) 1^ 



Leach, Capt 



38 



Lee:Gene/al 5,6,19,44 



Leonard, General 



31 



B Little Round Top '^> 1^. 2^. 27 



INDEX. 



51 



KEY. PAGE 

Lock , Brev. Brig. -General 27 

Lockwood's (Independent) Brigade, 1st Div., 12th Corps 11, 13 

141 Longstreet, Lieut. -General 5, ti, 13, 18, 23, SI, 46 

156 Lourance, Col. (see Scales' Brigade) 14, 47 

McAllister, General 31 

53 McCandless, Col., 1st Brig., ?d Div., 5th Corps (1st, 2d, 6th, 11th Pa. Reserves, and 1st Rifles* IS, 10, 26 

MacDougall, Lieut -Col . 111th N. Y 23, 40 

McDougall's Brigade (Col.) (1st), 1st Div. 1 th Corps 13 

McFadd'en, Capt , 59th N. Y. Vols 3H 

171 McGowan's(Perrin's) Brig. (1st, 12th. 13th, I4th S. C. Reg'ts and Orr's Rifles) 14 

27 McKeen. Col., 1st Brig. (Cross'), 1st Div., 2dCorps(.5th N. H. ,61st N. Y.,.slst, 148th Pa. Vols ) 26 

McKenzie. Lieut. (Gen. Meade's Staff) 20, 34, 35 

133 McLaws, Major-General 10, 13 

Macv, Lieut -Colonel, commanding 20th Mass. Vols 22, 38 

13 Mad'ill, Col., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (57th, 63d, 6Sth lO.Mi, and 141st Pa. Vols ) 31 

166 Marshall, Col. (see Pettigrew's Brigade) 14 18 

73 Mallon, Col., 42d N. Y. Vols 18, 35 

145 Mahone's Brig. ((Uh, IVth, 16th, 41st, and 61st Va. Reg'ts) 13 

147 Martin, Lieut'-Col., 53d Va 20 

90 Meade, Major-General (Commander-in-Chief) 6. 11, 20. 24. 31, 34, 37, 38 

Meade, Lieut 20, 34 

Meredith, General 31 

55 Merritt, Brig. -Gen. (Reserve Cavalry Brigade) 28 

Milne, Lieut 43 

P Millerstown Road 8 

86 Mitchell, Major (Gen. Hancock's Staff) 6, 18, 20, 34 

116 Morgan, Col (Chief of Gen. Hancock's Staff) 24 

160 Morris, Capt. (Archer's Brigade) 46 

T Mumniasburg Turnpike 8 

40 Nevin, Col., ad Brig., 3d Div., 6th Corps (62d N. Y., 93d, 98th, 102d, aud 139th Pa. Vols ) 10, 27 

10 Newton. Major-General, 1st Corps 17. In, 23, 25, 31, 41 

Oak Ridge 7 

U Oak Hill 8, 14 

O'Kane, Col., 69th Pa. Vols 22 

Osborne, Major 16, 24 

Owens, Capt , commanding 151st Pa. Vols 40 

93 Parker. Capt. (Gen. Hancock's Staff) 22 

H Peach Orchard 8, 10, 14 

Pender's, Major-General, Division 14, 46 

Pendleton, Brig -General 16, 44 

V Pennsylvania College 7 

171 Perrin, Col. (see McGowan's Brigade) 14, 46 

.•57 Perry's (Col. Lang's) Brig. (2d, 5th, and 8th Florida Reg'ts) 13, 47 

155 Pettigrew. Brig -General 14, 16, 18, 45 

166 Pettigrew's Brigade (Marshall) (11th, 26th, 47th, and 52d N. C. Reg'ts) 14, 18 

Pickett, Major-fJenerai 16. 18, 21, 45 

Pickett's Division 8, 13 16, 21, 22, 23 

148 Posey's Brig (12th, UUh, 19th, and 48th Ga. Reg'ts, and 2d Battalion) 13 

V Power's Hill 20 

174 Prisoners (Confederate) 23, 24, 34, 41 

72 & 97 Provost ( juard 24 

S Railroad 8, 16 

173 Ramseur's Brig. (2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th N. C. Reg'ts) 14 



REGIMENTS. 
ALABAMA — Confederate. 

KEY. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. CORPS. PAGE 

130.. 4th Regiment Law Hood.'. Longstreet 13 

160.. 5th Battalion Archer Heth Hill 14 

135. . 8th Regiment Wilcox Anderson do 13 

135.. 9th. ...do do do do 13 

1,35.. 10th.... do do do do 13 

1.35.. 11th.... do do do do 13 

160. .13th. . . .do Archer Heth do 14 

135.. 14th do Wilcox Anderson do 13 

1.30 .. 1.5th .... do Law Hood Longstreet 13 

130. .44th. . . .do do do do 13 

130 .. 47th .... do do do do 13 

130.. 48th.... do do do do 13 

.ARKANSA.S. — Confederate. 

126 . . 3d Regiment Robertson Hood Longstreet 13 



CONNECTICUT.— Union. 

99 .. 14th Regiment 2d Smyth .3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

28 . . 27th. . . .do 4th Brooke 1st Caldwell do 26 

DELAWARE.— Union. 

101 .. 1st Regiment 2d Smyth 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

28 . . 2d. . . .do 4th Brooke 1st Caldwell do 26 



52 



INDEX. 



FLORIDA. — Confederate. 



KEY. REGIMENT. BKIC.ADB. DIVISION. CORI'S. PAGE 

137 . . 2d Regiment I'erry Anderson Hill 13 

137 .. 5th. ...do do do do 13 

137 . . 8th. . . .do do do do 13 



GEORGIA.— Confederate. 

151 . . ?d Battalion Wright Anderson Hill 16 

12M . . 2 Regiment Benning Hood Longstreet 13 

151 .. 3d .. .do Wright Anderson Hill 13 

127 . . 7th. . . .do Anderson Hood Longstreet 13 

127 .. 8th do do do do 13 

127 . . itth. . . .do do do do 13 

131 .. l()th....do Semmes McLaws do 13 

127 . . 11th. . . do Anderson Hood do 13 

168 .. 14th.... do Thomas Pender Hill 14 

128 . . 15th. . . .do Benning Hood Longstreet 13 

132 .. 16th.... do Wofford McLaws do 13 

128 .. 17th do Benning Hood do 13 

132 . . 18th. . . .do Wofford McLaws do 13 

128 . 20th do Benning Hood do 13 

151 .. 22d ....do Wright Anderson Hill 13 

132 .. 24th do Woflord McLaws Longstreet 13 

168 . . 35th ... do Thomas Pender Hill 14 

168 .. 45th ...do do do do 14 

151 .. 48th do Wright Anderson do 13 

168 . . 49th. . . .do Thomas Pender do 14 

131 .. 50th. ...do Semmes McLaws Longstreet 13 

131 . . 51st .... do do do do 13 

131 . . 53d do - do do do 13 

127 .. 59th do Anderson Hood do 13 

132 .. Cobb's Legion Wofford McLaws do 13 

132 .. Phillips' do do do do 13 

INDIANA.— Union. 

14th Regiment 1st Carroll 3d Hays 2d Hancock 24 

6 .. 20th do 2d Berdan 1st Howard 3d Birney 25 



MAINE.— Union. 

6 .. 3d Regiment 2d Berdan 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

6 . . 4th do do do do 25 

33 . . 5th. . . .do 2d Bartlett 3d Wheeler 6th Sedgwick 27 

15 . . 6th. . . .do 3d Russell 1st Wright do 27 

112 .. 16th do 1st Coulter 2d Robinson 1st Newton 24 

13 . . 17th. . . .do 3d De Trobriand 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

64 . . 19th. . . .do 1st Harrow 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 39 

31 .. 20th do 3d Rice 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

MASSACHUSETTS.— Union. 

19-b. 1st Regiment 1st Carr 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

12 .. 7th do 2d Eustis 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 

31 .. 9th do 2d Sweitzer 1st Barnes.... 5th Sykes 26 

12 . . 10th do 2d Eustis 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 

19-b.. 11th. .. .do 1st Carr 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

117 .. 12th.... do 2d Baxter 2d Robinson 1st Newton 24 

112 .. 13th do 1st Coulter do do 24 

61 .. 15th.... do 1st Harrow 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 39 

19-b. 16th do 1st Carr 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

39 .. 18th.... do 1st Tilton 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 27 

71 .. 19th.... do odHall Jd Gibbon 2d Hancock 20 

68 .. 20th do do do do 26, 38 

39 .. 22d do 1st Tilton 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 27 

26-a. 28th do 2d Kelly 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

31 .. 32d do 2d Sweitzer 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

115 .. 33d ....do 2d Smith 2d Steinwehr 11th Howard 24 

12 .. 37th do 2d Eustis 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 

MICHIGAN.— Union. 

39 .. 1st Regiment 1st Tilton 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 27 

13 .. 3d ....do 3d De Trobriand 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

31 . . 4th do Vd Sweitzer 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 19 

13 . . 5th. . . .do 3d De Trobriand 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

69 .. 7th.... do 3d Hall 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 38 

31 ..16th.... do .3d Rice 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

MINNESOTA.— Union. 
60 ) 

72 J 1st Regiment 1st Harrow 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 22, 24, 39 

74 ) 

MISSISSIPPI.— Confederath. 

169 .. 2d Regiment Davis Heth Hill 14 

169 .. 11th do do do do 14 

148 .. I2th do Posey Anderson do 13 

138 . . 13th. . . .do Barksdale McLaws Longstreet 13 



INDEX. ^2 



KEY. Regiment. brigade. division. corps. page 

148 .. 16th Regiment Posey Anderson Hill 13 

138 .. 17th do Barksdale McLaws Longstreet 13 

138 .. 18th do do do do 13 

148 .. iDth do Posey Anderson Hill 13 

138 . . 21st. . . .do Barksdale McLaws Longstreet 13 

169 . . 42d do Davis Heth Hill . . . 14 

148 . . 48th do Posey Anderson do 13 

NEW HAMPSHIRE— Union. 

19 . . 2d Regiment 3d Burling 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 2() 

27 .. 5th do 4th McKeene 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

19-b. 12th... do 1st Carr 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

NEW YORK.— Union. 

5th Cavalry Farnsworth Kilpatrick Pleasanton 28 

10th... do 2cl Smyth 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

57 .. 20th N. Y. S. M 1st Rowley 3d Doubleday tst Newton 22 

106 . . 39th Regiment 3d Sherrill 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

13 .. 40th.... do 3d DeTrobriand 1st Ward .id Birney 25 

73 . . 42d do 3d Hall 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 20 

31 . . 44th. . . .do 3dRice 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

22 .. 52d do 3d Frazer 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

22 .. 57th.... do do do do 26 

27 .. 59th.... do 3d Hall 2d Gibbon do 22, 38 

27 . . Gist do 4th McKeene 1st Caldwell do 26 

40 . . 62d do .3d Nevins 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 27 

26-a. 63d do 2d Kelley 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

28 .. 64th do 4th Brooke do do 26 

14 .. 65th.... do 1st Shaler 3d Wheaton fth Sedgwick 26 

22 .. 66th do 3d Frazer 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

14 .. 67th.... do 1st Shaler 3d Wheaton (th Sedgwick 26 

26-a. 69th do 2d Kelley 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

21 . . 70th. . . .do 1st Excelsior 2d Brewster 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

21 .. 71st .... do 2d do do do do 26 

21 . . 72d do 3d do do do do 26 

21 .. 73d ...do ■lth....do do do do 26 

21 . . 74th. . . .do 5th. . . .do do do do 26 

66 . . 82d ... .do 1st Harrow 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 39 

117 .. 83d do 2d Baxter 2d Robinson do 24 

7 .. 86th.... do 2d Berdan 1st Ward :'d Birney 25 

26-a. 8»th. . . .do 2d Kelley 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

112 .. 94th do 1st Coulter 2dRobinson 1st Newton 24 

117 . . 97th. . . .do 2d Baxter do do 24 

112 . .104th. . . .do 1st Coulter do do 24 

108 ..10»th do 2d Smyth :'d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

105-a. 111th. . . .do 3d Sherrill do do 23 

21 . .120th do 2d Brewster 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

33 ..121st ....do 2d Bartlett 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 27 

14 . .I22d do 1st Shaler do do 26 

7 ..124th.... do 2d Berdan 1st Ward .3d Birney 25 

102-a. 125th. . . .do 3d Sherrill 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 

105 . .126th. . . .do do do do 23 

115 ..136th.... do 2d Smith 2d Steinwehr 11th Howard 24 

36 . .140th do 3d Garrard 2d Ayres 5th Sykes 27 

36 . .146th. . . .do do do do 27 

NEW JERSEY.— Union. 

24 .. 1st Regiment 1st Torbert 1st Wright 6th Sedgwick 26 

24 . . 2d do do do do 26 

24 . . 3d . . . .do do do do 26 

19 . . 5th. . . .do 3d Burling 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

19 .. fth do do do do 26 

19 .. 7th.... do do do do 26 

19 . . 8th. . . .do do do do 26 

196 . . Uth. . . .do 1st Carr do do 26 

102 . . 12th do 2d Smyth 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23, 40 

24 .. 15th do 1st Torbert 1st Wright ( th Sedgwick 26 

NORTH CAROLINA.— Confederate. 

173 . . 2d Regiment Ramseur Rodes Ewell 14 

173 . . 4th ... .do do do do 14 

167 .. 7th. ...do Lane Pender Hill 14 

166 .. 11th do Pettigrew Heth do 14 

156 .. 13th do Scales Pender do 14 

173 .. 14th do Ramseur Rodes Ewell 14 

156 . . 16th. . . .do Scales Pender Hill 14 

167 .. 18th do Lane do do 14 

156 . . 22d . . . .do Scales do do 14 

167 .. 23d do Lane do do 14 

166 .. 26th do Pettigrew Heth do 14 

173 .. 30th do Ramseur Rodes Ewell 14 

197 .. 33d do Lane Pender do 14 

156 .. 34th do Scales do do 14 

167 .. 37th do Lane do do 14 

156 .. 38th do Scales do do 14 

166 .. 47th. ...do Pettigrew Heth do 14 

166 .. 62d -do do do do 14 



54 



INDEX. 



OHIO Union. 



KEY. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. CORPS. PAGE 

4G . . 1st Cavalry 1st Farnsworth lid Kilpatrick Pleasanton ?8 

. . 4th Regimeut 1st Carroll lid Hays 2d Hancock 24 

98 . . 8th do do do do 24 

115 .. 5.5th... do 2d Smith 2d Steinwehr 11th Howard 24 

115 . . 7;id do do do do 24 

PENNSYLVANIA.— Union. 

55 .. 6th Cavalry Merritt "d Kilpatrick Pleasanton 28 

46 . . 18th. . . .do 1st Farnsworth do do 28 

14 .. 23d do 1st Shaler L^d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 

19-b. 2Hth Regiment 1st Carr 2d Humphreys 3d Birney 26 

15 .. 49th.... do 3d Russell l.st Wright Oth Sedgwick 27 

28 .. .53d do 4th Brooke 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

13 .. .57th do 1st Madill 1st Ward 3d Birney 2G 

31 . . 62d do Vd Sweitzer 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

13 .. C3d ....do 1st Madill 1st Ward .3d Birney 2G 

13 .. 68th do do do do 26 

78 . . 6yth .... do 2d Webb 'Jd Gibbon 2d Hancock 37 

89 .. 71st.... do do do do 37 

83 .. 72d do do do. do 37 

27 .. 81st do 1st McKeene 1st Caldwell do 'il 

14 .. 82d do 1st Shaler 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 

31 .. 8.3d do 3d Rice 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

117 .. 88th do 2d Baxter 2d Robinson 1st Newton 24 

117 .. ilOth do do do do 24 

.36 . . 91st do 3d Ganard 2d Ayres 5th Sykes 27 

40 .. t<3d do 3d Nevins 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 27 

33 . . 9.3th. . . .do 2d Bartlett.- do do 27 

33 .. 96th do do do do 27 

40 . . 98th do 3d Nevins -do do 27 

7 .. 99th.... do 2d Berdan 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

40 ..102d do 3d Nevins 3d Wheaton (Hh Sedgwick 27 

13 ..105th do 1st Madill 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

..106th do 2d Webb 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 2<l 

112 ..107th do 1st Coulter 2d Robinson 1st Newton 24 

13 ..110th.... do 3d De Trobriand 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

19 . .115th. . . .do 3d Burling '.d Humphreys do 26 

26-a. 116th. . . .do 2d Kelley 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

39 ..118th do 1st Tilton 1st Barnes 5th Sykes 26 

15 ..119th do 3d Russell 1st Wright 6th Sedgwick 27 

11 ..121st. .. .do 1st Rowley 3d Doubleday 1st Newton 25 

40 ..l.'?9th do 3d Nevins 3d Wheaton (!th Sedgwick 27 

22 . .140th. . . .do 3d Krazer 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

13 ..141st ....do 1st Madill 1st Ward 3d Birney 25 

11 . .142d . . . .do 1st Rowley 3d Doubleday 1st Newton 25 

9 ..143d ....do -d Dana do do 25 

28 . .145th. . . .do 4th Brooke 1st Caldwell 2d Hancock 26 

27 ..148th do 1st McKeene do do 26 

9 ..149th do 2d Dana 3d Doubleday 1st Newton 25 

9 . .150th. . . .do do do do 25 

54 ..151st do 1st Rowley 2d Gibbon 2d Hancock 25 

36 ..155th do 3d Ganard 2d Ayres 5th Sykes 27 

PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. 

53 .. 1st Regiment 1st McCandless 3d Crawford 5th Sykes 26 

53 . . 2d . . . .do do do do 26 

38 .. 5th do 3d Fisher do do '. 27 

53 .. eth do 1st McCandless do do 26 

38 . . 9th. . . .do 3d Fisher do do 27 

38 . . 10th .... do do do do 27 

58 .. 11th do 1st McCandless do do 26 

38 . . 12th. . . .do 3d Fisher do do 27 

51 .. 1st Rifles 1st McCandless do do 26 

REGULARS.— Union. 

Cavalry Merritt 3d Kilpatrick Pleasanton 28 

. . .do do do do 28 

do do do do 28 

Regiment 2d Burbank 2d Ayres 5th Sykes 27 

. . .do 1st Day do do 27 

... do do do do 27 

... do do do do 27 

... .do 2d Burbank do do 27 

. . . .do do do do 27 

.... do do do do 27 

... do 1st Day do do 27 

... do do do do 27 

. . . .do 2d Burbank do do 27 

RHODE ISLAND.— Union. 

12 . . 2d Regiment 3d Eustis 3d Wheaton 6th Sedgwick 26 



55 .. 


1st 


55 .. 


2d . 


.55 .. 


5th 


32-b 


2d 


32-a. 


3d . 


32-a. 


4th. 


32-a. 


(ith. 


.32-b. 


7th 


32-b. 


10th. 


32-b. 


11th. 


32-a. 


12th. 


32-a. 


14th. 


32-b. 


17th. 



SOUTH CAROLINA.— Confederate. 

171 . . 1st Regiment McGowan Pender Hill 14 

129 .. 2d. ...do Kershaw McLaws Longstreet 13 



INDEX. 55 



KEY. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. CORPS. PAGE 

129 . . 3d Regiment Kershaw McLaws Longstreet 13 

129 . . "th.. .do do do do 13 

129 .. 8th. ..do do do do 13 

171 . .12th. ..do McGowan Pender Hill 14 

171 . .13th. ..do do do do 14 

171 . .14th. ..do do do do 14 

129 . .15th.. .do Kershaw McLaws Longstreet 13 

171 . .Orr's Rifles McGowan Pender Hill 14 



TENNESSEE. — Confederate. 

IGO . . 1st Regiment Archer Heth Hill 14 

160 .. 7th do do do do 14 

IbO ..14th do do do do 14 

TEXAS.— Confederate. 

126 . . 1st Regiment Robertson Hood Longstreet 13 

126 .. 4th. . ..do do do do 13 

126 ..51st do do do do 13 

VERMONT.— Union. 

46 . . 1st Cavalry 1st Farnsworth 3d Kilpatrick Pleasanton 2S 

30 . . 2d Regiment 2d Grant 2d Howe f,th Sedgwick 27 

30 . . 3d do do do do 27 

30 .. 4th do do do do 27 

30 .. 5th... do do do do 27 

30 .. 6th.... do do do do 27 

.. 12th do ....3d Stannard 3d Doubleday 1st Newton 23 

62 . . 13th. . . .do do do do 22, 23 

50 . . 14th do do do do 18 

. . 15th. . . .do do do do 23 

63 .. 16th do do .-.■.■.,...... do do 22 



VIRGINIA. — Confederate. 

143 . . 1st Regiment Kemper Pickett Longstreet 14, 39 

143 .. 3d ....do do do do 14 

145 .. 6th do .Mahone Anderson Hill 13 

143 . . 7th do Kemper Pickett Longstreet 14, 39 

15 i . . 9th. . . .do Armistead do do 14 

14 ! . . lUh do Kemper do do 14 

145 . . 12th ... .do Mahone Anderson Hill 13 

1.53 . . 14th. . . do Armistead Pickett Longstreet 14 

145 .. 16th do Mahone Anderson Hill 13 

172 .. 2'.^d Battalion Brockenborough Helh do 14 

143 . . 24th Regiment Kemper Pickett Longstreet 14 

153 . . 38th do Armistead do do 14 

172 .. 40th do Brockenborough Heth Hill 14 

145 . . 41st . . . .do Mahone Anderson do 13 

172 .. 47th do do do do 14 

153 . . 53rl ... .do Armistead Pickett Longstreet 14 

172 . . 5ftii do Brockenborough Heth Hill 14 

153 . . 5 t'.i. . . .do Armistead Pickett Longstreet 14 

145 .. Cit do Mahone Anderson Hill 13 



WEST VIRGINIA.— Union. 

1st Cavalry 1st Farnsworth 3d Kilpatrick Pleasanton 28 

7th Regiment 1st Carroll 3d Hays 2d Hancock 23 



WISCONSIN. 

15 . . 5th Regiment 3d Russell 1st Wright fth Sedgwick 27 

O Reynolds, Major-General, 1st Corns (iii/cd, July 1st) 8, 9, 23 

31 Rice. Col 3d Brig. (Vincent's), 1st Div., 6th Corps (16th Mich.. 4Uh N. Y., 8;jd Pa , 20th Me Vols ). . 26 

26 Robertson's Brig. (1st, 4th, and 51st Texas, and 3d Ark. Reg'ts) 13 

114 Robinson, Brig -General, 2d Div., 1st Corps 10, 24, 41 

Rodes' ( iVIa jor-General) Division 14 

D Round Top 7, 10, 13, 27 

11 Rowley, Brig -Genl , 1st Brig , 3d Div., 1 st Corps (121st, 142d, 151st Pa. Vols., and 20th N. Y. S. M.).. 22,25 

Ruger's (Brig. -General) Division, 1st Div., 12th Corps 11, 13 

15 Russell, Brig.-Gen., 3d Brig., 1st Div., t th Corps(.5th Wis., 6th Me., 49th and 119th Pa. Vols.) 27 

Saville. Capt.(Col. Smyth's Staff) 23 

9? Sawyer. Col., 8th Ohio Vols 17, 24 

156 Scales' Brigade ( Lourance)( 13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, and 39th N. C. Reg'ts) 14 

Schimmelphennig, Brig.-General, 2d Div., and 2d Brig., 2d Div., 11th Corps , . 9 

Schudy, Lieut. -Colonel, 69th Pa. Vols : . 22 

120-a Schurz, Brig. -(General, .'d Div , Hth Corps 9, 24 

29 Sedgwick, Major-General , 6th Corps 27, 41 

Seeley, Capt., lllth N. Y. Vols 40 

Se!fridj;e, General 31 

Q Seminary Theological) "> 8, 9 

Seminary Ridge 7, 8, 13, 14 

131 Semmes, Bri,'. (10th. 50th, 51st, and 53d Ga. Reg'ts) 13 

14 Shaler, Brig -Gen., 1st Brig.. 3d Div., 6th Corps (65th, 67th, 122d N. Y., 2 d and 8-d Pa. Vols.) 13, 31 

160 Shepard, Colonel, of Archer's Brigade 46 



56 



INDEX. 



109 Sherrill, Col., 3d Brig., 3d Div., 2d Corps 2:1 

Sickles' Ridge 8 

Sickles, Major-General 8, 10, 31 

Slocum, Major-General 11, 20, 31 

115 Smith, Col., 2d Brig., 2d Div., lllh Corps (55th, 73d Ohio, 136th N. Y. and 33d Mass. Vols ) 24 

Smith, Col., 71st Pa. Vols 37, 38 

104 Smyth, Col., 2d Brig., 3d Div., 2d Corps 23 

South Mountain 8 

51 Stanuard, Brig. -General, 3d Brig ,3d Div., 1st Corps 17, 21, 23, 31, 35 

Steel, Lieut -Col., 7th Mich. Vols 22 

120 Steinwehr, Brig. -General, 2d Div., 11th Corps 9, 24 

Stone, General 31 

84 Stone Wall 17, 20 

31 Sweitzer, Col.. 2d Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps (4th Mich., 62d Pa., 9th and 32d Mass. Vols ) 10, 2fi 

29 Sykes, Major-General , 5th Corps 27, 31 

" 27 

14 

38 

27 

24 

9,29 



A & Y Taney town Road. 

168 Thomas' Brig. (14th, 3.'^ith, 45th, and 49th Ga. Reg'ts) 

Thomas, Lieut. -Col., 59th N. Y. Vols 

39 Tilton, Col., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps(lst Mich., 118th Pa. Vols.). 
121 Tompkins, Col., Chief fth Corps Artillery 

X Town of Gettysburg ■ 



24 Torbert, Brig.-Gen.. 1st Brig., 1st Div., 6th Corps (1st, 2d, Sd, and 15th N. J. Vols.) 26, 27 

125 Trevor, Sergeant, 5th U. S 24 

158 Trimble, Major-General 14 

13 De Trobriand, Col , 3d Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (3d, 5th Mich., 17th Me., 40th N. Y., and IKIth Pa. 

Vols.) 25, 31 

Upton, Col. ( see Bartlett's Brigade) 27 

Vincent, Brig. -General, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps 7, 10 

C Vincent's Spur 7, 10 

Wadsworth, Brig. -General, 1st Div., 1st Corps 25 

Walker, Mr 19. 31 

4 Ward, Brig.-General, 1st Div., 3d Corps 25, 31 

Warren, Brig.-General (Chief Engineer Army Potomac) 31 

81 Webb, Brig.-General, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 2d Corps 17, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 31, 37, 38 

Weed, Brig.-General 7, 10, 27 

B Weed's Hill 7 

Wessels, Captain ^1 

35 Wheaton, Brig.-General, 3d Div., 6th Corps 27 

G Wheat Field 7, 8, 10 

135 Wilcox's Brig. (8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and I4lh Ala. Reg'ts) 10, 13, 18, 31 

48-a Willard, Co\.{kined, July 2d'), 3d Brig , 3d Div., 2d Corps 10, 23 

Williams, Brig.-General, commanding 12th Corps 11, 31 

Wister, General 31 

132 Wofford's Brig. (16th, iHth, and 24th Ga. Reg'ts, Cobb's and Phillips' Legions) 13 

25 Wright, Brig.-General, 1st Div., 6th Corps 26, 27 

151 Wright's Brigade 10, 13 

York Road 9 

58 Zook, Brig.-General {kille,f July 2), 3 Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps 10 




A GALLANT CHARGE AT GETTYSBURG. 




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CD(J "Statesman eaition** Contains 






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Xlie Ronglt Riders: Raising the Regiment- 
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Rear Admiral Belknap: "The picture is spirited and correct." 

Rear Admiral Philip: "It depicts vividly and with historical accuracy the Naval Battle 
of Santiago." 

George Edward Gniham (War Correspondent for the Associated I'ress) : "i witnessed 
this battle from the Fl'igsliip JSrooklyn, by the side of Commodore Schley, and I can testify 
to the splendid accuiacy of \our picture The positions of the ships both in relation to the 
shoreline and the bpanish vessels are perfect " 




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OPINIONS OF DISTINGUISHED MEN. 

I have carefully examined and studied Mr. Walker's painting of the Battle of Gettysburg; 
and, as far as my recollection serves me, the work is wonderfully accurate in the delineation of 
the landscape and position of troops. As commanding general it was not in my power to have 
a knowledge of the details here represented ; but from the confidence I have in the fidelity of 
research and devotion to the truth of history possessed by Colonel Bachelder, from whom Mr. 
Walker has derived his data, I am satisfied the painting is as accurate in its details, as I know it 
to be in its general features. George G. Meade, 

Major-Gefi. com' g Army of the Potomac. 

My command at the battle of Gettysburg on the 3d of July (left-center) occupies the greater 
portion of the front of this painting. Immediately preceding the time represented, I rode along 
my entire line; this picture not only correctly represents the positions of the troops, but indi- 
cates their relative movements with a precision which must always make it invaluable as an his- 
torical representation of that scene. 

From Major-G'^ti. Hancock, comtnanding left-center. 
This picture of the Battle of Gettysburg is a remarkably fair and complete representation of 
that eventful scene. j^j^^s Longstreet, 

Lieut.-Gen. com^g First Corps C. S. A. 
At the beginning of the cannonade which preceded the scene here represented, I was on little 
Round Top. I immediately rode along the entire line to Cemetery Hill, observing the enemy's 
batteries, and directing the fire and movements of our own. At Colonel Bachelder's request I 
have since twice visited Gettysburg with him, and pointed out their positions. I have also in 
company with other officers several times visited Mr. Walker's studio, and verified the correct- 
ness of their location in the picture. To the best of my belief, they are properly represented. 

Henry J. Hunt, 
Major-Gen. com'g Artillery of the Army of the Potomac. 

This painting is one of the most faithful and conscientious representations of the battle of 
Gettysburg that can be produced, and if any person desires to witness an American battle, he can 
sit down and imagine himself in the midst of this scene. Alex. S. Webb, 

Brev. Major-Gen. U. S. A. 

This painting of the Battle of Gettysburg is, I think, the best painting of a battle extant, 
for it conveys to one what actually takes place on the whole line of battle. The engraving faith- 
fully reproduces the painting. 

From Major-Gen. Humphreys, Chief Engineer of the Armies of the United States. 

As chief engineer of the army at the battle of Gettysburg, my duties called me to most parts 

of the field; and I have since carefully examined its topography. I witnessed this scene from 

Little Round Top. The picture is true to the landscape, and vividly restores the action of the 

^^"1^- G. K. Warren, 

Brev. Major-Gen. U. S. A. 

Being an eyewitness of the battle, and familiar with the ground, I do not hesitate to pro- 
nounce it a correct representative battle picture. The landscape is faithfully delineated, and 
takes in the full scope of country, representing twenty-five square miles of territory. 

From Judge Wills, a citizeti of Gettysburg. 

The undersigned have had the opportunity of viewing the historical painting of the Battle of 
Gettysburg, and we do most heartily commend the painting as a work of high art, and true to 
history, and the description of the battle, in connection with the painting, as being so vivid and 
clear as to give to all a truthful impression of the scene which never can be forgotten. Even 
young children can understand it, and would receive from a single exhibition a better knowledge 
of the battle than could be acquired from years of study. Old and young should improve the 
opportunity to get a clear understanding of one of the most important events in the history of 
the nation. 

John W. Stewart, Gov. of Vermont. J. S. Morrill, C\ S. Senator. 



THE STORY 



OF THE 



BATTLE of GETTYSBURG 




WITH KEY AND DIAGRAM OF THE BATTLE 



PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH SCENES OF THE LEADING BATTLES 

OF THE CIVIL WAR, AUTOGRAPH LETTERS IN FACSIMILE 

OF DISTINGUISHED GENERALS AND OTHER 

RARE DOCUMENTS. 



JOHN B. BACHELDER, A. M, 

GOVERNMENT HISTORIAN FOR THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG 



TRICE 25 CENTS 



i M i>i m »>> n «» n 



MAMMOTH PAINTING 

THE 

BATTLE of GETTYSBURG 

JULY 1-3, 1863. 



A FEW REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD SEE THIS 
GRAND SPECTACLE. 

It is the most truthful battle picture in existence. 

It was begun within forty-eight hours after the battle. 

It was designed and arranged by Colonel Bachelder, the Govern- 
ment Historian of the battle. 

It was painted by James "Walker, a famous artist who was an officer 
in the battle. 

It was approved by 1,000 officers of both armies who visited the 
battlefield with the artist. 

It faithfully portrays 25 square miles of battlefield. 

It locates the positions and movements of 175,000 men. 

It show^s 309 regiments and 78 batteries with rare clearness and 
exactness. 

It is absolutely correct in detail. 

It is the grandest battle scene ever put on canvas. 

It cost $50,000 and took many years to produce it. 

It is a great historical study. 

It is an education to young and old. 

It teaches more about the battle in fifteen minutes than can be 
learned in months of study. 

It has delighted a million people. 

It will delight and instruct you. 

It is worth many times the price of admission to see it and hear 
the splendid lecture. 



Exhibition open from 9 A. M. to 11 P. M. 

LECTURE EVERY HOUR. 



ADMISSION 25 CENTS. 
CHILDREN (UNDER 14 YEjiRS) 15 CENTS. 



[Bosto?i JoiirnalP^ 

PJetter than volumes of description is this historic picture to give one a clear, comprehensive 
and truthful conception of the contest which will ever be reckoned as the turning point in the 
history of the American Republic. 

{Boston Bosi.] 

The artist made his studies for the picture upon the field of Gettysburg, spending weeks 
there, and has reproduced the scenery, in its detail and spirit, to perfection. And thus he has 
succeeded in making a harmonious and wonderfully comprehensive picture. No feature of the 
scene, no corps or individual, is brought into undue prominence; but the whole glowing, rushing 
torrent of fierce action passes before our eyes as if reproduced in fact. It is one of the most in- 
tensely vivid scenes that has ever been put on canvas. 

\_Boston Daily TravelerJX 

Walker's wonderful painting of the Battle of Gettysburg proves the most popular art exhi- 
bition which we have had in Boston. "When first opened to the public, those unfamiliar with the 
paraphernalia and detail of war gazed with uncertain awe upon the confused masses of men and 
horses hurrying hither and thither, borne along upon the whirlwind of excitement. Here are 
long lines of infantry, or dense columns closed en masse, apparently indifferent to the scene. 
Plere batteries go rushing to the front, while others have " limbered to the rear." Bursting shells 
fill the air; and you almost hear the roar of artillery, and the rattle of musketry, as you watch 
the curling clouds of dust and smoke, which, drifted by the southwest wind, float away in the 
distance. This is an American battle, fought by American soldiers. It was a bold leap from the 
conventional school of art, when Colonel Bachelder, overlooking the mere episode of a battle 
which has usually constituted battle-scenes, boldly grasped the whole field, and through six and 
a HALF YEARS of toil and hardship unraveled its intricate details, superintending the arrange- 
ment of every regiment and battery in its appropriate place upon the canvas. And it is equally 
fortunate for the history of American warfare that a man possessing the ability to execute was 
found in the person of Mr. Walker, who would willingly and conscientiously use the material, 
thus rescued from oblivion, and weave it into a symmetrical whole, devoting three and a half 
years of his life to this magnificent work. Critics hesitated to criticise this new departure; but 
the soldiers have answered the question, and the public have accepted their verdict. Day after 
day they visit this fascinating painting, always discovering something new to admire. The writer 
yesterday met at the gallery an officer of the Fifth Maine Battery, who said it was his thirty- 
second visit, and yet each successive examination revealed new beauties in the painting. 

[I/erald.] 
As a work of art it stands in the front rank of great battle pieces. The striking features of 
the picture are its truthfulness to nature, and conscientious execution. The wonder is, how upon 
a canvas twenty feet long and seven and a half high, covering one hundred and fifty square feet, 
the artist has managed to crowd three hundred and nine regiments and seventy-eight batteries, 
and that too with such rare clearness and exactness. 

{^Philadelphia Press^ 

The artist has given a living picture of the repulse of Longstreet's grand charge. Its 
naturalness is one of its greatest merits. The spectator can hardly realize that he is looking upon 
a mere picture, but finds himself involuntarily listening to hear the roar of the guns and the 
groans of the wounded. 

{Washington Sufiday Chronicle ?[ 

We might fill columns with expressions of admiration for this great production of study and 
genius, but have only space to say that among America's most wonderful works is the splendid 
picture of the Battle of Gettysburg. 

As a work of art the picture is a masterpiece, and at once delights the beholder. The action 
of the horses is splendid, no one could have painted such horses who had not seen them in 
battle. All the details of the picture are perfectly brought out. Lovers of art can spend an 
hour very pleasantly and profitably in examining this painting, and no one will regret having 
done so. 



A«»>>««»« 







ADDRESS AT GETTYSBURG. 

FOURSCORE and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon 
this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to 
the proposition that all men are created equal. 

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that na- 
tion, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. 

We are met on a great battlefield of that war. "We have come to 
dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who 
here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting 
and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot 
dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. 

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have conse- 
crated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little 
note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget 
what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here 
to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so 
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great 
task remaining before us ; that from these honored dead we take in- 
creased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full meas- 
ure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not 
have died in vain ; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth 
of freedom ; and that government of the people, by the people, and for 
the people, shall not perish from the earth. 



H 91 

19, 1863T * 

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November 19, 1863; 



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